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Educational guide | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IDENTIFYING DATA | 2024_25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subject | ETHNOLOGY AND ETHOLOGY | Code | 00106018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Study programme |
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Descriptors | Credit. | Type | Year | Period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Basic Training | Second | Second |
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Language |
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Prerequisites | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Department | PRODUCCION ANIMAL |
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Coordinador |
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jmsans@unileon.es vgone@unileon.es cgona@unileon.es msaeg@unileon.es |
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Lecturers |
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Web | http:// | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General description | Fundamentals of morphology, biomics and systematics of domestic animals. Study of the domestic species outward appearance. Knowledge and identification of the different animal breeds which are useful to man. Study of domestic animals behavior, and its alterations. Concepts in animal welfare. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tribunales de Revisión |
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Competencias |
Code | |
A19614 | 106P12 Respect and enforce animal welfare in all professional activities related to animal management. |
A19620 | 106P18 Develop technical and economic advisory and management tasks for veterinary companies in a context of sustainability. |
A19633 | 106S12 Ethnological and productive characteristics, with special reference to management. |
A19634 | 106S13 Bases of animal behavior and the domestication process. |
A19642 | 106S20 Animal welfare and protection. |
A19643 | 106S21 Bioethics. |
A19652 | 106S3 Morphology, bionomics and systematics of animals and plants of veterinary interest. |
B6471 | 106G1 Analyse, synthesise, solve problems and make decisions in the professional fields of the veterinarian. |
B6473 | 106G3 Maintain ethical behavior in the exercise of their responsibilities towards the profession and society. |
B6474 | 106G4 Communicate the information obtained during the veterinarians professional practice fluently, orally and in writing, with other colleagues, authorities and society in general. |
B6476 | 106G6 Search and manage information related to the veterinarians activity. |
B6478 | 106G8 Know how to get professional advice and help. |
B6481 | 106G11 Keep the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professional competencies updated through a continuing education process. |
C1 | CMECES1 That students have demonstrated possession and understanding of knowledge in an area of study that is based on general secondary education, and is usually found at a level that, although supported by advanced textbooks, also includes some aspects that involve knowledge from the cutting edge of their field of study |
C2 | CMECES2 That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the skills that are usually demonstrated through the development and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study. |
C3 | CMECES3 That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (normally within their area of study) to make judgments that include reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature. |
C4 | CMECES4 That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to both a specialised and non-specialised audience |
C5 | CMECES5 That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy |
Learning aims |
Competences | |||
Know the morphology, bionomics and systematics of animals of veterinary interest. | A19652 |
B6481 |
C1 |
Identify the different breeds of animals that are exploited in our country and the most representative ones worldwide. | A19633 |
B6481 |
C1 C2 |
Know the ethnological and productive characteristics of animals, with special reference to management and production. | A19620 A19633 |
C1 C3 |
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Interpret the procedures and methods of identification and assessment of zootechnical interest. | A19633 A19652 |
B6471 B6474 |
C2 C3 C4 |
Know and understand the concepts and foundations of animal behavior, as well as its possible modifications and alterations as a consequence of the domestication and exploitation of animals. | A19634 A19642 A19643 |
B6481 |
C3 |
Understand the importance of Ethology and its applications in the practice of the veterinary profession. | A19634 A19642 |
C3 C4 |
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Know the scientific bases of animal welfare and the importance of its application to different areas of professional practice. | A19614 A19620 A19642 A19643 |
B6473 B6476 |
C3 C4 C5 |
Understand and interpret the regulations related to Animal Welfare and Protection. | A19614 A19620 A19643 |
B6476 B6478 |
C4 C5 |
Contents |
Topic | Sub-topic |
THEORETICAL PROGRAM. A. ETHNOLOGY: A.1.- GENERAL CONCEPTS | Topic 1.- CONCEPT OF ETHNOLOGY. Definition. Zoological concepts of morphology, bionomics and systematics. Concepts of species and race. Racial classifications. Standard racial. Outdoor concept. Relationship between external morphology and fitness. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 2.- EXTERNAL REGIONS OF THE HEAD. Morphology, beauties and defects. Study of the horns of ruminants. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela) Topic 3.- EXTERNAL REGIONS OF THE NECK, TRUNK AND LIMBS. Morphology, beauties and defects. Lines of poise. Attitudes and marches. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela) |
THEORETICAL PROGRAM. A. ETHNOLOGY: A.2.- ETHNOLOGY BY SPECIES | Topic 4.- BREEDS OF CATTLE. Phylogeny and bionomics of cattle. Dairy aptitude breeds. Breeds that produce high-fat milk. Breeds with dual meat/dairy aptitude. (Dr. Sánchez). Topic 5.- COSMOPOLITAN BEEF FITNESS BREEDS. British. Continental: French, Belgian and Italian. The zebu and its derivatives. Hybrids. (Dr. Sánchez). Topic 6.- NATIVE CATTLE BREEDS WITH HIGH CENSUS. Northern races. Extensive breeds from the center and south. Lydian race. Current situation and future perspectives. (Dr. Sánchez). Topic 7.- INDIGENOUS VACCINE BREEDS WITH REDUCED CENSUS. Northern, central and southern races. Current situation and future perspectives. (Dr. Sánchez). Topic 8.- COSMOPOLITAN BREEDS OF SHEEP. Phylogeny and bionomics of sheep. Dual aptitude breeds: meat/wool. Dairy breeds. Fur breeds. Prolific breeds. (Dr. Gonzalo). Topic 9.- NATIVE SHEEP BREEDS WITH HIGH CENSUS. Merino, entrefino and churro logs. Current situation and future perspectives. (Dr. Gonzalo). Topic 10.- NATIVE SHEEP BREEDS WITH REDUCED CENSUS. Merino, entrefino, Iberian, churro and indeterminate trunks. Current situation and future perspectives. (Dr. Gonzalo). Topic 11.- COSMOPOLITAN BREEDS OF GOAT CATTLE. Phylogeny and bionomics of goats. Dairy breeds. Hair producing breeds. (Dr. Gonzalo). Topic 12.- SPANISH BREEDS OF GOAT CATTLE. Non-threatened native breeds. Threatened native breeds. (Dr. Gonzalo). Topic 13.- COSMOPOLITAN EQUINE BREEDS. Phylogeny and bionomics of the horse. Arab race and derivatives. The PSI and its derivatives. Trotting horses. Traction horses. Ellipometric races. (Dr. Sánchez). Topic 14.- SPANISH EQUINE BREEDS. The Andalusian horse. Traction horses. Ellipometric races. Breeds of donkeys. Equine hybrids. (Dr. Sánchez). Topic 15.- COSMOPOLITAN SWINE BREEDS. Pig phylogeny and bionomics. European pig breeds. American races. Hybrids in modern pig farming. (Dra. Sáez-Royuela). Topic 16.- THE SPANISH SWINE. Spanish pig map and censuses. Celtic trunk and derived races. Iberian trunk and derived breeds. Foreign breeds exploited in Spain. (Dra. Sáez-Royuela). Topic 17.- RABBIT BREEDS. Main meat aptitude breeds. Hybrids in meat production. Breeds that produce fur and hair. Companion breeds. (Dra. Sáez-Royuela). Topic 18.- DOG BREEDS I. Phylogeny and bionomics of the dog. Classification of dog breeds. (Dra. Sáez-Royuela). Topic 19.- DOG BREEDS II. Aptitudes and suitability as companion animals of the main foreign and Spanish breeds. (Dra. Sáez-Royuela). Topic 20.- CAT BREEDS. Phylogeny and bionomics of the cat. Layer colors. Classification of feline breeds and suitability as a companion animal. (Dr. González) |
THEORETICAL PROGRAM. B. ETHOLOGY: B.1. GENERAL CONCEPTS | Topic 21.- CONCEPT OF ETHOLOGY. History of Ethology. Bases of behavior. Types of behavior. Systems and behavioral patterns. Tests used in Ethology: open-field test, preference test, etc. (Dr. Sánchez). Topic 22.- ONTOGENESIS OF BEHAVIOR. Behavioral genetics. Instinctive behavior and acquired behavior. Early behavior and experience. Play behavior in different domestic species. (Dr. Sáez-royuela). Topic 23.- LEARNING. Introduction. Types of learning: habituation, classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning, imprinting. Critical periods. Learning development. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela). Topic 24.- BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS. Cardiac rhtyms. Sleep: physiological bases and function of sleep. Clinical problems derived from the alteration of biological rhythms. (Dr. Sánchez). Topic 25.- COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ANIMALS. The sense organs: hearing, sight, touch and smell. The pheromones. Recognition among animals. (Dr. Sánchez) |
THEORETICAL PROGRAM: B. ETHOLOGY: B.2. BEHAVIORAL SYSTEMS: | Topic 26.- ALLELOMIMETIC AND RESEARCH BEHAVIOR. Introduction. Allelomimetic behavior and social facilitation. The leadership. Investigative behavior in different domestic species. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 27.- INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR. Control of ingestion of solid foods and water. Ingestive behavior in different species. Grazing behavior. The rumination. Behavioral alterations. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 28.- ELIMINATIVE BEHAVIOR. Eliminative behavior in different species. Behavioral alterations. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 29.- SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. Factors that affect sexual behavior. Control of sexual behavior. Sexual behavior of the female and the male. Alterations in sexual behavior. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 30.- EPIMELETIC BEHAVIOR. Maternal behavior during childbirth, during lactation and after weaning. Mother-child recognition. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 31.- ET-EPIMELETIC BEHAVIOR. Behavior of the offspring after birth, during lactation and after weaning. Request for care of the offspring. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 32.- AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR. Introduction. Intraspecific relationships. Interspecific relationships. Types of agonistic behavior. Patterns of agonistic behavior. Individual space. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 33.- SOCIAL ORGANIZATION I. Introduction. Social hierarchy: characteristics of the dominance order, requirements for establishing a dominance order, determining factors of social rank, stability of the dominance order. Other types of social organization. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 34.- SOCIAL ORGANIZATION II. Importance of social order. Preferential relationships: “grooming”, the game. Types of territorial behavior. (Dr. Sánchez) |
THEORETICAL PROGRAM: C. ANIMAL PROTECTION: | Topic 35.- ANIMAL PROTECTION. Concept. Well-being and suffering. Animal rights. Legislation in relation to animal welfare. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 36.- MAN-ANIMAL RELATIONSHIP. The scientist and the animals. The veterinarian and the animals. Man and pets. Man and animals for sale. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 37.- DOMESTICATION. Domestication concept. Origin of domestication. Characteristics that favor domestication. Main domesticated species. Changes produced in animals: adaptive processes. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 38.- STRESS I. Concept. Neuro-physiological bases of stress. Acute and chronic stress. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 39.- STRESS II. Determination of stress situations. Alterations caused by stressful situations. Measures to prevent stress. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 40.- BEHAVIOR IN THE DIFFERENT EXPLOITATION SYSTEMS. Ethological needs of animals. Adaptation mechanisms to different exploitation systems. (Dr. Sánchez) Topic 41.- ZOOTECHNICAL PATHOLOGY. Introduction. Behavioral alterations: stereotypies. Main alterations in the different exploitation systems. (Dr. Sánchez) |
PRACTICAL PROGRAMMING | actice 1.- REGIONS AND APLOMOS. Identification of the main external regions of the head, neck, trunk and extremities. Lines of poise and marches. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela) Practice 2.- ZOOMETRY. Concept and utilities. Main measurements, weights and application indices in Ethnology. Determination of the main measurements and zoometric indices. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela) Practice 3.- PHANEROPTICS I. Identification of the main simple and compound layers in the different domestic species. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 4.- PHANEROPTICS II. Identification of the main characteristics of animal layers. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 5.- ANIMAL IDENTIFICATION I. Concept and utilities. Basis of identification. Natural characters. Biochemical polymorphisms. Identification by artificial signs or marks. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela) Practice 6.- ANIMAL IDENTIFICATION II. New animal identification technologies: use of microchips. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 7.- DETERMINATION OF AGE IN EQUINE LIVESTOCK AND DOG. Changes in body shape. Structure, shape and evolution of teeth. Dental table. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Gonzalo and Dr. Sánchez) Practice 8.- DETERMINATION OF AGE IN CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOATS. Concept and utilities. Changes in body shape. Structure, shape and evolution of teeth. Dental table. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Gonzalo and Dr. Sánchez) Practice 9.- VISITS TO THE UNIVERSITY FARM. Restraint, determination of age of animals, breed, etc. Type: farm. 1 hour. 6 groups. (Dr. Sánchez and Dra. Sáez-Royuela) Practice 10.- IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MAIN COSMOPOLITAN BOVINE BREEDS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 11.- IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MAIN NATIVE BOVINE BREEDS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 12.- IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MAIN SHEEP AND GOAT BREEDS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Gonzalo) Practice 13.- IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MAIN EQUINE BREEDS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Gonzalo) Practice 14.- IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MAIN SWINE BREEDS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela) Practice 15.- IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MAIN BREEDS OF DOGS I. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela) Practice 16.- IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MAIN BREEDS OF DOGS II. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela) Practice 17.- IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MAIN BREEDS OF RABBITS AND CATS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sáez-Royuela and Dr. González) Practice 18.- GRAZING BEHAVIOR OF HERBIVORES. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 19.- SEXUAL AND MATERNAL BEHAVIOR OF RUMINANTS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 20.- AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR OF RUMINANTS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 21.- THE SIGNS OF THE COWS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Gonzalo) Practice 22.- ETHOGRAM OF THE HORSE. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Gonzalo) Practice 23.- ETHOGRAM OF SWINE LIVESTOCK. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 24.- ETHOGRAM OF THE DOG. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 25.- LEARNING AND TRAINING IN DOGS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 26.- CAT ETHOGRAM. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 27.- BEHAVIOR OF BIRDS. Type: classroom. 1 hour. 4 groups. (Dr. Sánchez) Practice 28.- DOG SHOW. Type: field. 4 hours. No groups. (Dr. Sánchez and Dra. Sáez-Royuela) Practice 29.- DEFENSE OF WORK DONE BY STUDENTS. Type: classroom. 8 hours. No groups. (Dr. Sánchez and Dr. Gonzalo) |
Planning |
Methodologies :: Tests | |||||||||
Class hours | Hours outside the classroom | Total hours | |||||||
Lecture | 44 | 69 | 113 | ||||||
Seminars | 26 | 26 | 52 | ||||||
Field work/trips | 5 | 2 | 7 | ||||||
Assignments | 0 | 7 | 7 | ||||||
Presentations / expositions | 0.5 | 7 | 7.5 | ||||||
Personal tuition | 1.5 | 0 | 1.5 | ||||||
Practical tests | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||||
Mixed tests | 1.5 | 5 | 6.5 | ||||||
Objective multiple-choice tests | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | ||||||
(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students. |
Methodologies |
Description | |
Lecture | In them the theoretical contents will be presented with the support of multimedia presentations. |
Seminars | The students, directed by the teacher, will learn to use the instruments of the subject, to determine the age of the animals, to identify and differentiate the breeds of the different species and to recognize the normal behavior of animals and their alterations. All this through the use of multimedia presentations and instruments typical of the profession. |
Field work/trips | Practical farm and dog show classes: students, led by the teacher, will come into contact with live animals, determining in some cases their age and in others their breed. |
Assignments | The students will carry out, with the teacher's advice, work of some of the following types: 1. Chronometry: jaws of cattle, sheep, goats, horses or dogs. 2. Chronometry Photographic. 3. Photographic Ethnology. 4. Ethology Video. 5. Bring a purebred dog to the exhibition that will be held in May. |
Presentations / expositions | Students will publicly present the work they have done. You will have five to ten minutes to do this. |
Personal tuition | Personalized attention in the teacher's office, with prior appointment. |
Personalized attention |
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Assessment |
Description | Qualification | ||
Seminars | Attendance is mandatory. After each seminar/practice the student must take an "objective multiple choice test" on the subject of the day. |
Junto con las prácticas de campo representan hasta el 10% de la nota final. | |
Field work/trips | Attendance is mandatory. After each practice the student must take an "objective multiple choice test" on the subject of the day. |
Junto con los seminarios constituyen hasta el 10% de la nota final. | |
Presentations / expositions | Each student will present and defend, publicly, for a period of 5 to 10 minutes, the work done. The quality of the work (photos, videos, etc.), the ease in the presentation and the answers to the questions posed will be assessed. Excess time in the exhibition will be penalized. |
Hasta el 10% de la nota final. | |
Objective multiple-choice tests | They will be carried out after each practice, seminar, or field practice. They will consist of about ten multiple choice or true/false questions. The institutional Moodle educational platform will be used. |
Como se ha señalado en seminarios y prácticas de campo, representan hasta el 10% de la nota final. Los estudiantes que no alcancen una media aritmética de 2,5 en estas pruebas no podrán presentarse a las pruebas prácticas y mixtas de la convocatoria ordinaria de junio. |
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Mixed tests | Only students who have taken and passed the practical photographic identification/recognition test (described below) will be able to take it. It will consist of a series of 60 multiple choice multiple choice questions, separated into two blocks: one on Ethnology (30 questions) and another on Ethology and Animal Protection (30 questions). Each block is scored as follows: 30 correct answers = 10 points; 28 correct answers = 9 points...; 20 = 5; 18 = 4… Wrong answers do not count, only correct answers are counted. To pass the test, at least 4 points are required in each block. To carry out the tests, the possession of any type of electronic device (phones, tablets, watches, etc.), no tipex, or pencils will not be allowed, and only a pen, blue or black, will be allowed. Warm clothing will also not be allowed inside the exam room (except for environmental needs). |
La nota obtenida en el bloque de Etnología (si supera el 4) se promediará con la nota obtenida en la prueba práctica (descrita más adelante) y ésta será la nota de Etnología que representa hasta el 40% de la nota final. La nota obtenida en el bloque de Etología y Protección Animal representa hasta el 40% de la nota final. Se requiere al menos un 4 para aprobar la prueba. |
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Practical tests | Only students who have completed at least 80% of the practices may take the practical photographic identification/recognition test. In the ordinary June session, students who have not achieved at least an average grade of 2.5 in the objective multiple choice tests described above will not be able to take this test. The test will be exclusive. It will be essential to pass it to be able to take the mixed test. It will consist of 30 images. The student must determine the age of the animal or the peculiarity, particularity, region, etc., indicated in the image, or the breed of the animal, etc. The first two images will be chronometry and the student must get at least one of them right. To pass the test you must have at least 24 correct answers (which means a numerical grade of 4 out of 10). To take the test, the possession of any type of electronic device (phones, tablets, watches, etc.), tipex or pencils will not be allowed and only a pen, blue or black, will be allowed. Warm clothing will also not be allowed inside the exam room (except for environmental needs). |
La nota obtenida aquí se promediará con la nota obtenida en el bloque de Etnología de las pruebas mixtas. Esta media representa hasta el 40% de la nota final. | |
Other comments and second call | |||
During the evaluation tests, it will not be possible to use printed materials or electronic resources (calculators, tablets, phones, computers, etc.), except for those tests that, under the express direction of the teacher, require the use of any of these resources. If any irregularity occurs during the corresponding exam or evaluation test, the exam will be immediately withdrawn, the student will be expelled and graded as a fail. In any case, the provisions of the internal regulations of the ULe included in the document "Guidelines for action in cases of plagiarism, copying or fraud in exams or evaluation tests" will be followed (Approved Permanent Commission of the Governing Council 01/29 /2015). |
Sources of information |
Access to Recommended Bibliography in the Catalog ULE |
Basic |
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Complementary |
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Recommendations |
Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before | |||||
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