 |
Educational guide |
| IDENTIFYING DATA |
2024_25 |
| Subject |
TOXOCOLOGY AND LEGAL VETERINARY |
Code |
00106023 |
| Study programme |
| 0106 GRADO EN VETERINARIA |
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| Descriptors |
Credit. |
Type |
Year |
Period |
| 9 |
Compulsory |
Third |
First
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| Language |
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| Prerequisites |
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| Department |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS
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| Coordinador |
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E-mail |
rbalf@unileon.es
cgare@unileon.es
cordp@unileon.es
myperp@unileon.es
rmregt@unileon.es
|
| Lecturers |
| BALAÑA FOUCE , RAFAEL | | GARCÍA ESTRADA , CARLOS | | ORDÓÑEZ PASCUA , CÉSAR | | PÉREZ PERTEJO , MARIA YOLANDA | | REGUERA TORRES , ROSA MARÍA |
|
| Web |
http:// |
| General description |
Our aim is provide students the basics of Veterinary Toxicology that are useful in their profession. Specific objectives: Introduction to General Toxicology knowledge: Acute, Chronic and Remote Toxicity, Mutagenesis, Carcinogenic and Teratogenic compounds, Systemic Toxicity and repair mechanisms, mechanism action antidote; Toxic most common in the veterinary field: Toxic Plants, Pesticides, Inorganic Toxics , Toxins in food, Drug Toxicity |
| Tribunales de Revisión |
| Tribunal titular |
| Cargo |
Departamento |
Profesor |
| Presidente |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
GONZALEZ GALLEGO , JAVIER |
| Secretario |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
DIEZ LIEBANA , MARIA JOSE |
| Vocal |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
SAHAGUN PRIETO , ANA MARIA |
| Tribunal suplente |
| Cargo |
Departamento |
Profesor |
| Presidente |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
GARCIA MEDIAVILLA , MARIA VICTORIA |
| Secretario |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
FERNANDEZ MARTINEZ , MARIA NELIDA |
| Vocal |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
SIERRA VEGA , MATILDE |
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| Code |
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| A19614 |
106P12 Respect and enforce animal welfare in all professional activities related to animal management. |
| A19618 |
106P16 Carry out risk analysis, including environmental and biosafety risks, as well as their assessment and management. |
| A19623 |
106P3 Use basic analytical techniques and interpret their clinical, biological and chemical results. |
| A19626 |
106P6 Attend to emergencies and perform first aid in Veterinary Medicine. |
| A19640 |
106S19 Veterinary regulation. |
| A19658 |
106S35 Identification and study of natural and synthetic toxicants. |
| A19659 |
106S36 Animal and environmental toxicology. |
| C1 |
CMECES1 That students have demonstrated possession and understanding of knowledge in an area of study that is based on general secondary education, and is usually found at a level that, although supported by advanced textbooks, also includes some aspects that involve knowledge from the cutting edge of their field of study |
| C2 |
CMECES2 That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the skills that are usually demonstrated through the development and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study. |
| C3 |
CMECES3 That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (normally within their area of study) to make judgments that include reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature. |
| C4 |
CMECES4 That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to both a specialised and non-specialised audience |
| C5 |
CMECES5 That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy |
| Topic |
Sub-topic |
| I. PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY |
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION TO TOXICOLOGY
Topic 1.- Introduction to toxicology.
Topic 2.- Measurement of toxicity in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Experimental animal models. Principles of the 3Rs
SECTION 2. TOXICOKINETICS AND TOXICODYNAMICS.
Topic 3.- Toxicokinetics I: absorption and distribution of toxicants.
Topic 4.- Toxicokinetics II: biotransformation of toxic substances, elimination of toxicants and their metabolites.
Topic 5.- Toxicokinetic models. Compartmental and Physiological models.
Topic 6.- Toxicodynamics: general mechanisms of toxic action; necrosis, autophagy and apoptosis.
Topic 7.- Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis produced by xenobiotics.
Topic 8.- Developmental toxicity: embryotoxicity and teratogenicity. |
| II. VETERINARY CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY |
SECTION 3. TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
Topic 9.- Methodology for the assessment of toxicity
Topic 10.- Acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity. Calculation of LD50, NOAEL, ET. Risk analysis.
SECTION 4. VETERINARY CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
Topic 11.- General diagnosis of intoxications. Aetiology and epidemiology of intoxications.
Topic 12.- Analytical methods for the determination of toxicants. Sensitivity, specificity and precision.
Topic 13.- General decontamination measures. General treatment of poisoning. Antidotes.
SECTION 5. SYSTEMIC TOXICITY
Topic 14.- Toxic effects on blood. Toxics that modify oxygen transport. Toxics that affect blood coagulation.
Topic 15.- Immunotoxicology. Immune system dysfunctions: hypersensitivity and allergies, autoimmune responses, immunodeficiencies.
Topic 16.- Endocrine disruptors. |
| III. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY |
SECTION 6. TOXIC AGENTS
Topic 17.- Toxicology of pesticides. General concepts.
Topic 18.- Toxicology of organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides. Dioxins and other persistent compounds.
Topic 19.- Toxicology of acetylcholinesterase insecticides: organophosphates and carbamates.
Topic 20.- Toxicology of herbicides and fungicides.
Topic 21.- Toxicology of legal and banned rodenticides. Strychnine, oral anticoagulants.
Topic 22.- Toxic effects of metals. General concepts.
Topic 23.- Toxicology of heavy metals: lead, cadmium and mercury.
Topic 24.- Toxicology of transition metals: copper, molybdenum and iron.
Topic 25.- Toxicology of metalloids: arsenic, antimony, selenium and fluorine.
Topic 26.- Toxic effects of ionising and non-ionising radiations.
Topic 27.- Toxicology of gaseous substances: CO, HCN and NH3. Atmospheric pollution. |
| IV. PLANT TOXICOLOGY, FOOD TOXICOLOGY, DRUG TOXICOLOGY, TOXINOLOGY |
SECTION 7. PLANT TOXICOLOGY
Topic 28.- Animal poisoning of vegetable origin. General concepts
Topic 29.- Poisoning by plants containing glycosides (cardiac and cyanogenetic).
Topic 30.- Poisoning by plants containing tannins, phenols and cresols.
Topic 31.- Poisoning by plants containing alkaloids. Toxic Solanaceae. Fabism. Latirism.
Topic 32.- Intoxication by plants containing lectins and phytohaemagglutinins. Photosensitisation by plants.
SECTION 8. FOOD TOXICOLOGY
Topic 33.- Poisoning by urea and non-protein nitrogen compounds (NNP).
Topic 34.- Poisoning by nitrites and nitrates. Euthrophisation of natural environments
Topic 35.- Poisoning by solvents and alcohols. Ethylenglycol
Topic 36.- Toxicity of sweeteners (xylitol) in dogs. Toxicology of chocolate-containing stuff in dogs.
Topic 37.- Toxicity of drug residues in slaughter animals. Regulatory issues.
SECTION 9: DRUG TOXICOLOGY
Topic 38.- Toxicology of antibiotics and other anti-infectious agents.
Topic 39.- Toxicology of antiparasitic agents.
Topic 40.- Toxicology of analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
SECTION 10. TOXINOLOGY
Topic 41.- Toxins of fungal origin: micotoxins
Topic 42.- Toxins of animal origin: venoms of snakes, insects and arachnids.
Topic 43.- Toxins of bacterial and aquatic origin: cyanobacterial toxins, marine toxins.
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| V. LEGAL VETERINARY AND VETERINARY EXPERTISE |
SECTION 11. LEGAL VETERINARY
Topic 44.- Legal Veterinary. Concept and division. Legal bases of the veterinary activity. Administration of justice. The public function.
Topic 45.- Animal identification. Identification of the live animal. Cadaveric identification. Identification of animal products: use of PCR.
Topic 46.- Thanatology. Biological and legal concept of death. Date of death. Causes of death: accidents and injuries. Sampling. Assessment and reports.
Topic 47.- Veterinary intervention in contracts. Legal bases of contracting. Obligations and contracts: concept and types. Nullity and cancellation of contracts. Animals out of trade. Redhibition and estimatory action. Redhibitory defects: valuation.
Topic 48.- Veterinary intervention in animal shows. Regulations. Horse races, bullfights, greyhound races. Recognition of animals. Fraud.
Topic 49.- Doping and its investigation. Substances used in the practice of doping. Analytical monitoring. Regulatory aspects of anti-doping control.
Topic 50.- Environment and livestock waste management. Regulation of annoying, unhealthy, noxious, harmful and dangerous activities. Medicines for veterinary use. National Waste Plan (PNIR).
Topic 51.- The veterinary expert. Appointment and challenge of experts. Conditions of the expert. Type of expert documents. |
| VI. PRACTICES
Laboratory practices
Duration: 3 h (x 6 sessions)
No. of groups: 6
Place: Toxicology laboratory
No. of lecturers per group: 1 |
PRACTICAL TRAINING PROGRAMME
Practice 1.- In vitro toxicology. Dose/response curves. Determination of CI50 and selectivity indices.
Practice 2.- Calculation of toxicokinetic parameters.
Practice 3.- Determination of paracetamol in urine.
Practice 4.- Determination of aflatoxins in biological samples/toxinology.
Practice 5.- Molecular diagnosis of intoxications.
Practice 6.- Veterinary legislation |
| VII. SEMINARS
Duration: 2 h (x 2 sessions)
No. of groups: 2
Place: Faculty classroom
No. of lecturers per group: 1 |
SEMINARS
Seminar 1.- Animal Identification.
Seminar 2.- National Residues Research Plan.
Seminar 3.- Determination of causes of death.
Seminar 4.- Forensic thanatology.
Seminar 5.- Forensic toxicology.
Seminar 6.- Minamata toxicological disaster.
Seminar 7.- Bophal Toxicological disaster.
Seminar 8.- Seveso Toxicological disaster.
Seminar 9.- Ionising radiation (Chernobyl)
Seminar 10.- Poisoning by Spanish oil |
| |
Description |
| Laboratory practicals |
Various practical exercises (6) will be carried out in the laboratory, assisted by the lecturer. The student will present a practical notebook reflecting their learning during the course. There will be a practical exam on the material presented during the course. Each practical will have a duration of 3 hours of mandatory attendance. In addition, the student will have to present a notebook. |
| PBL (Problem Based Learning) |
During the presentation of the seminars and laboratory practices, the active participation of the students will be encouraged. Possible practical cases will be proposed to be solved in the practical classes and seminars by the students. |
| Tutorship of group |
Personalised face-to-face tutorials with the lecturer will be encouraged in order to resolve doubts about the theoretical and practical classes, by prior appointment.
For the preparation of the seminars, face-to-face group tutorials will be held to focus on the subject. |
| Seminars |
A list of topics related to the theoretical subject will be proposed, which the students will have to develop and present. The student will have to search for information independently, decide which information is valid, prepare a report and present the topic. A follow-up will be carried out throughout the semester, by means of four interviews with the student, in order to guide him/her in the structuring of the work, follow-up and presentation of contents. The presentation, group work and contents presented will be assessed. |
| Lecture |
Around 50 lectures of 50-55 min each will be given on Basic and Specific Topics of Toxicology and Veterinary Law, which form the central structure of the subject. Material will be left on the institutional moodle educational platform for students to follow the lectures. |
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Description |
Qualification |
| PBL (Problem Based Learning) |
Active participation in seminars |
apto/no apto |
| Laboratory practicals |
Mandatory attendance. Handing in the practical notebook. Practical examination. |
Hasta el 5 % de la nota final, siempre que se apruebe el examen final. |
| Seminars |
Mandatory attendance. Quality of the public presentation of the seminar. |
Hasta el 5 % de la nota final, siempre que se apruebe el examen final. |
| Objective multiple-choice tests |
A multiple-choice test (50-60) with four questions to choose from. It is necessary to pass at least 60% of the questions in order to pass the exam. |
90 % de la nota final. |
| Objective short-answer tests |
Short-answer tests will be included in the multiple-choice test. |
La parte proporcional en el test de opción múltiple. |
| Others |
To pass the multiple-choice tests is mandatory to habilitate the score for seminars and laboratory practicals. |
Passing the multiple-choice tests is compulsory in order to qualify the score for the seminars and laboratory practicals in the final marks. |
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| Other comments and second call |
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The submitted works may be checked with an anti-plagiarism software. If plagiarism is detected, the work will be marked as failed. During the assessment tests it will not be possible to use electronic resources (calculators, tablets, telephones, computers, etc.), except for those tests that under the express indication of the teacher require the use of any of these resources. In the case of any irregularity occurring during the corresponding exam or assessment test, the exam will be immediately withdrawn, the student will be suspended and marked as failed. In any case, the internal regulations of the ULe included in the document "Guidelines for action in cases of plagiarism, copying or fraud in exams or assessment tests" (Approved by the Standing Committee of the Governing Council 29/01/2015) will be followed. |
| Basic |
Casarett LJ, Doull J, Casarett and Doull's toxicology. The basic science of poisons, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001
Ellenhorn MJ, Ellenhorn's Medical toxicology: diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1997
Campbell and Chapman, Handbook of poisoning in dogs and cats, Blackwell Science, 2000
Osweiler GD, Toxicology, Philadelphia: Williams and Wilkins, 1996
Gupta RC, Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinic Principles, Academic Press, 2007
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| Complementary |
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