Educational guide

IDENTIFYING DATA

2023_24

Subject

PHYSIOLOGY I

Code

00106003

Study programme

0106 GRADO EN VETERINARIA

Descriptors

Credit.

Type

Year

Period

Basic Training

First

Language

Castellano

Prerequisites

Department

CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS

Coordinador

SÁNCHEZ CAMPOS , SONIA

E-mail

ssanc@unileon.es
jebayd@unileon.es
mvgarm@unileon.es
jgonga@unileon.es
jlmaug@unileon.es
bsanv@unileon.es
afueb@unileon.es
amilg@unileon.es
tpays@unileon.es
mrivv@unileon.es

Lecturers

BAYÓN DARKISTADE , JOSÉ ENRIQUE

GARCÍA MEDIAVILLA , MARÍA VICTORIA

GONZÁLEZ GALLEGO , JAVIER

MAURIZ GUTIÉRREZ , JOSE LUIS

SAN MIGUEL DE VEGA , BEATRIZ

SÁNCHEZ CAMPOS , SONIA

FUENTE BARRIENTOS , ALVARO DE LA

MILLAN GARCIA , ALICIA

PAYO SERAFIN, TANIA

RIVERA VILORIA , MARTA

Web

http://http://agora.unileon.es

General description

This course introduces students to the knowledge of the Animal Physiology, focusing on the general principles and underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular (including blood and hemostasis), respiratory, gastrointestinal and renal physiology

Tribunales de Revisión

Tribunal titular
Cargo	Departamento	Profesor
Presidente	CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS	SANCHEZ COLLADO , PILAR
Secretario	CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS	CUEVAS GONZALEZ , MARIA JOSE
Vocal	CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS	DE PAZ FERNANDEZ , JOSE ANTONIO

Tribunal suplente
Cargo	Departamento	Profesor
Presidente	CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS	ALMAR GALIANA , MAR
Secretario	CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS	ALVEAR ORDENES , ILDEFONSO
Vocal	CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS	PEREZ PERTEJO , MARIA YOLANDA

Competencias

Code
A19614	106P12 Respect and enforce animal welfare in all professional activities related to animal management.
A19623	106P3 Use basic analytical techniques and interpret their clinical, biological and chemical results.
A19693	106S7 Functioning and regulation of body apparatus and systems.
A19694	106S8 Homeostasis.
B6471	106G1 Analyse, synthesise, solve problems and make decisions in the professional fields of the veterinarian.
B6472	106G2 Work as a team, single or multidisciplinary, and show respect, appreciation and sensitivity to the work of others.
B6476	106G6 Search and manage information related to the veterinarians activity.
B6479	106G9 Demonstrate interest in knowing how to use basic computer tools.
B6481	106G11 Keep the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professional competencies updated through a continuing education process.

Learning aims

	Competences
Describes physiological processes, their regulation and integration and how these processes contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis	A19614 A19623 A19693 A19694	B6471 B6472 B6476 B6479 B6481
Recognizes the mechanisms of function and adaptation of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and urinary systems and the control of acid-base balance in the face of functional changes	A19614 A19623 A19693 A19694	B6471 B6472 B6476 B6479 B6481
Perform simulations of function and adaptation of the various organs and systems in the face of internal or external changes and interpret the results well	A19614 A19623 A19693 A19694	B6471 B6472 B6476 B6479 B6481
It uses experimental models, or published data, to manipulate the different physiological systems studied and interprets the results well	A19614 A19623 A19693 A19694	B6471 B6472 B6476 B6479 B6481
Demonstrates good competence in numerical calculations related to physiological processes	A19614 A19623 A19693 A19694	B6471 B6472 B6476 B6479 B6481

Contents

Topic	Sub-topic
INTRODUCTION. INTERNAL MEDIUM AND BLOOD. CIRCULATION	Topic 1.- Concept of physiology. Historical evolution of physiology. Division of physiology. Relationship with other sciences. Concept of internal environment: homeostasis. Topic 2.- Internal environment. Liquid compartments of the body. Volume and composition of body fluids. Blood. Composition, properties and associated functions. Topic 3.- Hemostasis. Mechanisms of hemostasis: vasoconstrictor phase, platelet phase and coagulation phase. Anticoagulant factors. Fibrinolysis. Topic 4.- Cardiovascular system. Introduction. General principles. Closed and open systems. Topic 5.- Cardiac activity. Introduction. Cardiac muscle. Heart movements. Excitation and conduction system. Electrocardiograph. Cardiac cycle. Heart rate. Work and cardiac efficiency. Cardiac output and its regulation. Topic 6.- Hemorheology. Concept. Rheological behavior of blood. Hemorheological factors. Structure-function relationships. Pressure-flow-resistance relationships. Topic 7.- General circulation. Physiology of the arterial system. Blood pressure: differences in different domestic species. Factors that modify blood pressure. Arterial pulse. Venous system. Structural and functional characteristics. Venous pressure and venous return. Blood flow and pressure measurements. Topic 8.- Microcirculation. Lymphatic system. General features. Transcapillary exchange. Introduction to the lymphatic system. Lymph formation. Factors that determine lymphatic flow. Topic 9.- Cardiovascular regulation. Cardiovascular control centers. Cardiovascular receptors. Central control of tissue blood flow. Humoral control of tissue blood flow. Local control of tissue blood flow. Topic 10.- Pulmonary circulation. Pressures and volumes of blood in the lungs. Flow distribution. Hydrostatic pressure gradients. Other non-respiratory functions of the pulmonary circulation. Topic 11.- Circulation through special regions. Coronary circulation. Muscle circulation. Skin circulation. Brain circulation. Splanchnic circulation. Liver circulation. Circulation of liquids in virtual spaces. Practice 1.- Blood parameters. Laboratory practice Duration: 2 h Number of groups: 6 Place: Physiology laboratory Number of teachers per group: 1 Practice 2.- Erythrocyte count and blood smear. Laboratory practice Duration: 2 h No. of groups: 6 Location: Physiology laboratory No. of teachers per group: 1 Practice 3.- Globular resistance and hematimetric indices. Laboratory practice Duration: 2 h Number of groups: 6 Place: Physiology laboratory Number of teachers per group: 1 Practice 4.- Electrocardiography and phonocardiography. Laboratory practice and in special rooms Duration: 2 h No. of groups: 6 Location: Veterinary Hospital No. of teachers per group: 2 Resolution of cardiovascular system problems. Problem solving/exercises in classroom Duration: 1:30 h No. of groups: 2 Location: Faculty classroom No. of teachers per group: 1
BREATHING	Topic 12.- Respiration in mammals. Introduction. Respiratory system and airway function. Physical laws of gases. Pulmonary ventilation. Lung volumes and capacities. Spirometry. Alveolar ventilation. Topic 13.- Exchange and transport of gases. Introduction. Gas diffusion. Fick's Law. Exchange through the alveolar-capillary membrane. Oxygen transport. Carbon dioxide transport. Tissue exchange. Topic 14.- Physiology of respiration in birds. Structure of the respiratory system. Function of the air sacs. Ventilatory mechanism. Air flow. Topic 15.- Regulation of breathing. Nervous control of breathing. Chemical control of respiration. Other factors that modify breathing. Practice 5.- Spirometry. Laboratory practice Duration: 2 h No. of groups: 6 Location: Physiology laboratory No. of teachers per group: 1
DIGESTION	Topic 16.- Ingestion, saliva secretion and chewing. Prehension. Functions of saliva. Components of saliva. Control of saliva secretion. Chewing. Topic 17.- Swallowing and gastric secretion. Swallowing. Composition of gastric juice. Secretion mechanisms. Control of gastric secretion. Topic 18.- Liver and bile secretion. Metabolic functions of the liver. Composition and functions of bile. Formation of bile. Gallbladder. Excretory function of bile. Topic 19.- Pancreatic secretion and intestinal secretions. Exocrine pancreas. Composition of pancreatic juice. Mechanisms of pancreatic juice formation. Control of pancreatic secretion. Intestinal secretions. Topic 20.- Gastrointestinal motility. General principles. Gastric motility. Small intestine motility. Large intestine motility. Defecation. Topic 21.- Digestion and absorption. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Digestion and absorption of proteins. Digestion and absorption of lipids. Absorption of water and electrolytes. Topic 22.- Digestive physiology of ruminants. Functional anatomy. Motility. Secretion of digestive juices. Microbial fermentations. Digestion. Absorption. Topic 23.- Digestive physiology of birds. Functional anatomy. Regulation of intake. Motility. Secretion and digestion. Nutrient absorption. Practice 6.- Digestive processes. Practice through ICT Duration: 2 h No. of groups: 6 Place: computer room No. of teachers per group: 1 Practice 7.- Intestinal perfusion 1. Laboratory practice Duration: 2 h No. of groups: 6 Place: Physiology laboratory Number of teachers per group: 1 Practice 8.- Intestinal perfusion 2. Laboratory practice Duration: 2 h Number of groups: 6 Location: Physiology laboratory Number of teachers per group: 2 Practice 9.- Biliary secretion. Laboratory practice Duration: 2 h No. of groups: 6 Location: Physiology laboratory No. of teachers per group: 1
EXCRETION	Topic 24.- Kidney function. Nephron function. Glomerular filtration. Renal blood flow. Tubular mechanisms. Topic 25.- Mechanisms of dilution and concentration of urine. Dilution mechanism. Countercurrent mechanism. Osmolar clearance and free water clearance. Urination. Topic 26.- Acid-base balance. Blood buffer systems. Respiratory regulation. Kidney compensation. Alterations of the acid-base balance. Topic 27.- Osmoregulation. Evolution of the vertebrate nephron. Extrarenal osmoregulatory organs of vertebrates: gills and salt glands. Osmoregulation in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Practice 10.- Kidney function. Practice through ICT Duration: 2 h No. of groups: 6 Location: computer room No. of teachers per group: 1 Resolution of kidney function problems. Problem solving/exercises in classroom Duration: 1:30 h No. of groups: 2 Location: Faculty classroom No. of teachers per group: 1

Planning

Methodologies :: Tests
	Class hours	Hours outside the classroom	Total hours
Laboratory practicals	20	5	25

PBL (Problem Based Learning)	3	12	15
Assignments	4	19	23
Personal tuition	2	0	2

Lecture	28	47	75

Mixed tests	4	6	10

(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies

Methodologies ::

	Description
Laboratory practicals	They include laboratory and Veterinary Hospital practices, theoretical-practical exhibitions and computer classrooms. Real models will be used, where possible, together with computer simulations. In these sessions, the results obtained will be discussed by the students and the teacher, analyzing their importance and interest.
PBL (Problem Based Learning)	Resolution of problems/cases of interest in the classroom.
Assignments	Group-led work on proposed topics that will include the search for information and preparation in electronic format. The completion of the work will take place using the material available to the student along with the analysis of prestigious scientific articles that deal with current topics related to the subject. Each group will present the resulting work.
Personal tuition	Specialized face-to-face and online tutorials through the educational support platform (institutional moodle), where the resources and activitie
Lecture	Presentation of theoretical content in the classroom to students. Work will be done dynamically based on the subject program and with resolution of problems/cases of interest. Students will be provided with the corresponding scripts and outlines in advance.

Personalized attention

Lecture

Laboratory practicals

PBL (Problem Based Learning)

Assignments

Personal tuition

Description

Individual tutorials:
1 student.
L, X, F 12:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology area.

Virtual tutorials (via email and forums):
1 or several students.
Class schedule.
Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology area.

Mandatory group tutorials (preparation and monitoring of directed work):
20 students.
1-2 sessions (dates to be determined)

Corresponding classroom. Tutorials in small groups ( preparation and monitoring of directed work):
4-6 students.

Assessment

	Description	Qualification
Lecture	Evaluation criteria: knowledge and understanding of the subject. Procedures: written exams with short multiple choice questions. A maximum score of 10 points can be obtained, with 5 points being necessary to pass each test. A partial exam of the subject will be carried out (in mid-November, beginning of December), which will eliminate material if passed, but only for the final exam. In the final exam, the rest of the theoretical contents will be evaluated and those students who have not cleared the corresponding subject will have the opportunity to recover the contents of the midterm.	35 % + 35 %
Laboratory practicals	Evaluation criteria: knowledge and understanding of the subject. Procedures: option A. Mandatory attendance at 100% of the total established practical credits. The teacher will assess the level of participation and attitude of each student in this type of sessions, making it necessary to present an individual and original summary of practices that will include all aspects related to their development. A maximum score of 10 points can be obtained. The student who does not meet the requirements determined here will automatically be evaluated according to option B. Option B. Practical test that will have as content part or all of those developed in this type of sessions. A maximum score of 10 points can be obtained, with 5 points being necessary to pass this test.	20 %
Assignments	Evaluation criteria: structure, quality, originality, sources, correct use of terminology, clarity and correctness of writing. Procedures: preparation and group presentation of a topic related to the subject program and in integration with the simultaneous subjects of the subject. The management of the information available on the topic, preparation and presentation of the written work and the oral defense carried out will be taken into account. The submitted works may be reviewed with an anti-plagiarism computer program. If plagiarism is detected, the work will be graded as failed. A maximum score of 10 points can be obtained, with 5 points being necessary to pass this test.	10 %

Other comments and second call

Sources of information

Access to Recommended Bibliography in the Catalog ULE

Basic	Klein BG, Cunningham: Fisiología veterinaria, Barcelona: Elsevier, 2020 Berne RM, Levy MN, Fisiología, Barcelona: Elsevier, 2006 Engelhardt W, Fisiología veterinaria, Zaragoza: Acribia, 2005 García Sacristan A, Fisiología Veterinaria, Madrid: Tébar Flores, S.L., 2018 Hall JE, Guyton y Hall. Tratado de Fisiología médica, Madrid: Elsevier España, 2021 Scanes CG, Sturkie's avian physiology , Londres: Academic Press, 2015

Complementary	O`Malley B, Anatomía y fisiología clínica de animales exóticos. Estructura y función de mamíferos, aves, reptiles y anfibios, Zaragoza: Server, 2007 Webster JG, Bioinstrumentación, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons, 2004 Hill RW, Wyse GA, Anderson M, Fisiología animal, Madrid: Panamericana, 2006 Eckert R, Randall D, Augustine G, Fisiología animal. Mecanismos y adaptaciones, México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 1999 Sturkie PD, Fisiología aviar, Zaragoza: Acribia, 1975 Mohrman DE, Heller LJ, Fisiología cardiovascular. Serie Lange de Fisiología, México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2007 Fox SI, Fisiología humana, México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2006 Pocock G, Richards CD, Fisiología humana. La base de la medicina, Barcelona: Masson, 2003 Levitzky M, Fisiología pulmonar. Serie Lange de Fisiología, México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2008 Eaton D, Fisiología renal de Vander. Serie Lange de Fisiología, Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2006 West JB, Fisiología respiratoria, Madrid: Médica Panamericana, 2009 García Sacristan A y col., Fisiología veterinaria, México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 1998 Moyes CD, Schulte PM, Principios de Fisiología animal, Madrid: Pearson Addison Wesley, 2007
	Links of interest: Access to the Recommended Bibliography of the Library Catalog https://agora.unileon.es/login/index.php http://www.secff.org Website of the Spanish Society of Physiological Sciences. http://www.physoc.org Website of the Physiological Society of the United Kingdom. http://www.the-aps.org Website of the American Physiological Society. http://institutobiomedicina.unileon.es Website of the University Institute of Biomedicine of León. http://www.physrev.physiology.org/ Physiological Reviews, magazine with review articles on different topics in Physiology. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubme/ http://www5.unileon.es/bibportal/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ United States National Library of Medicine. http://www.scielo.org/ Scientific Electronic Library Online containing articles of interest. http://www5.unileon.es/bibportal/ Portal of the ULE university library.

Recommendations

Subjects that are recommended to be taken simultaneously

CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS_BASICS / 00106001

ANATOMY I / 00106002

BIOCHEMISTRY / 00106004


Other comments
Knowledge of physiology is essential to understand the mechanisms related to diseases and their potential treatments, which will be discussed in subsequent subjects. The subject, together with Physiology II, allows not only the acquisition of knowledge and the integration of other knowledge related to the functioning of living organisms, but also trains the student so that he can begin in the world of research, involving him in the problems and the new perspectives that are opening up in the field of biomedicine. A medium knowledge of written English and basic computer skills are basic.