Tribunal titular

Cargo

Departamento

Profesor

Presidente

BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR

FERNANDEZ CAÑON , JOSE MANUEL

Secretario

BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR

LUENGO RODRIGUEZ , JOSE MARIA

Vocal

BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR

MARTINEZ BLANCO , HONORINA

Tribunal suplente

Cargo

Departamento

Profesor

Presidente

BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR

RODRIGUEZ OLIVERA , ELIAS

Secretario

BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR

MATEOS DELGADO , LUIS MARIANO

Vocal

BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR

MIÑAMBRES RODRIGUEZ , BALTASAR

Description

Qualification

Mixed tests

The students' knowledge of the subject will be evaluated globally, considering the theoretical part to be the most important, but also valuing the practical work, which is mandatory so you must attend all sessions.

Of the final grade, theoretical knowledge and problems will represent 85%, and practices will represent 15%.

Others

It is necessary to approve each of the parts in order to apply the corresponding percentages.

Other comments and second call

A partial eliminatory evaluation will be carried out on both theoretical knowledge and problem solving. To eliminate the subject corresponding to this part, the student must obtain at least a grade of 5 points. Likewise, a final written evaluation will be carried out, which will correspond to both theoretical knowledge and problem solving.

The final grade for the subject in the ordinary call will be obtained by averaging the grades obtained in the different written evaluations and the evaluation of the laboratory practices. Active participation and resolution of proposed problems and issues will also be taken into account. To apply this average, it is necessary to have obtained a score of 5 points in the written evaluations.

In the extraordinary call, the grades obtained in the activities carried out will be saved: partial evaluation, laboratory practices and other activities. To pass it will be necessary to obtain at least a score of 5 points in the written test.

All evaluation tests will be normatively governed by the "ULE Learning Evaluation and Qualification Regulations" (approved by the ULE Governing Council on 03/12/2010) and by the document "Guidelines for Action in Cases of Plagiarism or Fraud in Exams or Evaluation Tests" (approved by the Permanent Commission of the Governing Council of the ULE on 01/29/2015)

Code
A19623	106P3 Use basic analytical techniques and interpret their clinical, biological and chemical results.
A19631	106S10 Molecular and genetic bases of biological processes.
A19641	106S2 Physical and chemical bases of biological processes and their applications to veterinary sciences.
B6472	106G2 Work as a team, single or multidisciplinary, and show respect, appreciation and sensitivity to the work of others.
B6477	106G7 Apply the scientific method to professional practice including evidence-based medicine.
B6481	106G11 Keep the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professional competencies updated through a continuing education process.
C1	CMECES1 That students have demonstrated possession and understanding of knowledge in an area of study that is based on general secondary education, and is usually found at a level that, although supported by advanced textbooks, also includes some aspects that involve knowledge from the cutting edge of their field of study
C2	CMECES2 That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the skills that are usually demonstrated through the development and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study.
C3	CMECES3 That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (normally within their area of study) to make judgments that include reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature.
C4	CMECES4 That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to both a specialised and non-specialised audience
C5	CMECES5 That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy

	Competences
- Know how to work properly in a chemical-biochemical laboratory. - Know the structure and function of biomolecules. - Know bioenergetics, metabolic pathways and cell signaling. - Know replication, transcription, translation and modification of genetic material. - Know how to determine, experimentally, the concentration of carbohydrates, amino acids, total proteins, lipids and total nucleic acids of a biological sample. - Know how to design and execute well, experimentally, the different steps of a protein and nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) purification protocol. - Correctly know the metabolic pathways and their energy. - Correctly interpret the regulatory properties of the enzymes that participate in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, and the metabolic alterations caused by enzyme deficiencies. - Carry out a bibliographic search on topics related to Biochemistry.	A19623 A19631 A19641	B6472 B6477 B6481	C1 C2 C3 C4 C5

Topic	Sub-topic
Theoretical program	Topic 1.- Concept of Biochemistry. Historical development. Molecular composition of living beings. Topic 2.- Amino acids. Generalities. Main natural amino acids. Physical and chemical properties of amino acids. Topic 3.- Peptides. Generalities. Peptide bond. Determination of the peptide sequence. Peptides of biological interest. Peptide hormones. Topic 4.- Proteins. Properties. Protein structure: Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Topic 5.- Methods for separation, purification and isolation of proteins. Purity criteria. Topic 6.- Enzymes. Generalities. Active center. Catalytic center. Kinetics of enzymatic reactions: Michaelis-Menten equation. Concept of Km and Vmax, methods for their determination. Units of enzymatic activity. Isoenzymes. Topic 7.- Modulation of enzymatic activity. Multienzyme complexes and multifunctional enzymes. Competitive, non-competitive and non-competitive inhibition. Allosteric enzymes. Allosteric models. Topic 8.- Components of nucleic acids. Purine and pyrimidine bases. Monosaccharides of nucleic acids. Nucleosides and nucleotides. Nucleotide derivatives. Topic 9.- Nucleic acids. Structure and properties of DNA. Structure and properties of RNA. Biological importance of nucleic acids. Topic 10.- Biosynthesis of nucleic acids. DAN biosynthesis. Replication. RNA biosynthesis. Transcription. The genetic key. Characteristics. Topic 11.- Protein biosynthesis. The ribosome. Stages of biosynthesis: activation, initiation, elongation and termination. Topic 12.- Regulation of protein biosynthesis. Induction and repression. Operon and repressor. Topic 13.- Metabolism. Generalities. Catabolic, anabolic and amphibolic pathways. Metabolism study methods. Bioenergetics. Thermodynamic bases of biochemical reactions. Variation of free energy. ATP cycle. Compounds with high energy potential. Topic 14.- Biochemical aspects of hormonal action. Hormonal receptors. Second messengers. Topic 15.- Catabolic use of carbohydrates. Central role of glucose and multiplicity of carbohydrate degradation pathways. Glycolysis. Regulation. Phosphorylation at the substrate level. Deficiencies in glycolytic enzymes and pathologies. Topic 16.- Metabolic crossroads of pyruvate. Anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate. Fermentations: lactic, alcoholic, acetic, propionic and butyric. Importance of fermentations in ruminants. Topic 17.- Gluconeogenesis. Regulation. Pasteur effect. Cori cycle. Glucose-alanine cycle. Topic 18.- Glycogen metabolism. Glycogen degradation: glycogen phosphorylase. Glycogen biosynthesis: glycogen synthase. Regulation. Glycogenosis. Topic 19.- Pentose phosphate pathway. Features. Oxidative and non-oxidative phase. Other glucose degradation pathways. Metabolism of fructose, galactose and mannose. Topic 20.- Aerobic metabolism of pyruvate. Pyruvate dehydrogenase. Cycle of tricarboxylic acids. Stages of the cycle and regulation. Anaplerotic reactions. Glyoxylate pathway. Topic 21.- Respiratory chain. Enzyme complexes. Oxidative phosphorylation. Energy balance. Inhibitors, uncouplers and ionophores. Shuttle systems. Topic 22.- Carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Mellitus diabetes. Hyperinsulinism. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Topic 23.- Carbohydrate metabolism in ruminants. Microbial breakdown of carbohydrates in the rumen. Fate of propionate, acetate and butyrate. Topic 24.- Digestion and absorption of fats. Lipid transport. Catabolism of triacylglycerides. Catabolism of saturated, unsaturated and branched chain fatty acids. Other types of fatty acid oxidation. Ketone bodies. Ketosis. Topic 25.- Biosynthesis of triacylglycerides. Biosynthesis of fatty acids. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase. Elongation and unsaturation of fatty acids. Topic 26.- Cholesterol biosynthesis. Regulation. Metabolism of bile acids and steroid hormones. Hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. Lipid metabolism alterations. Topic 27.- Digestion and absorption of proteins. Protein catabolism. Transamination, deamination and decarboxylation reactions of amino acids. Protein “Turnover”. Ubiquitin and proteasome. Urea cycle. Topic 28.- Degradative routes of amino acids that lead to acetyl-CoA, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate and oxaloacetate. Topic 29.- Biosynthesis of amino acids. Non-essential and essential non-aromatic amino acids. Topic 30.- Biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Regulation. Biosynthesis of important amino acid derivatives. Topic 31.- Metabolism of prophyrins and related compounds. Porphyrias. Topic 32.- Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Regulation. Synthesis of nucleotide coenzymes. Catabolism of purine and pyrimidine bases. Re
Problems	Topic 1.- Amino acids. Ionic forms. Isoelectric point. Topic 2.- Peptides and proteins. Sequencing and purification. Topic 3.- Manipulation of nucleic acids. Topic 4.- Enzymatic kinetics. Topic 5.- Bioenergetics. Topic 6.- Metabolic routes.
Practical program	Practice 1.- Preparation of reagents. Practice 2.- Sugar identification reactions. Practice 3.- Extraction and separation of lipids from egg yolk. Cholesterol reaction. Practice 4.- Determination of total proteins. Biuret method. Practice 5.- Determination of the absorption spectrum and molar extinction coefficient for p-nitrophenol. Practice 6.- Determination of the optimal pH for acid phosphatase activity. Practice 7.- Determination of the kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of the acid phosphatase for p-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate. Inhibition by phosphate and determination of Ki.

Methodologies :: Tests
	Class hours	Hours outside the classroom	Total hours
Personal tuition	3	0	3

Problem solving, classroom exercises	12	18	30
Laboratory practicals	15	22.5	37.5

Lecture	54	87	141

Mixed tests	6	7.5	13.5

(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

	Description
Personal tuition	The student will be assisted to resolve all possible doubts that may have arisen.
Problem solving, classroom exercises	Send Problem solving/exercises in the regular classroom Problems that arise in the application of the theoretical contents will be carried out in the classroom.
Laboratory practicals	The experimental practices that appear in the scripts that will be provided to the students will be carried out. Laboratory practices Duration: 2 hours Number of groups: 6 Location: Biochemistry laboratory Number of teachers per group: 1
Lecture	Theory classes in which the teacher will explain the contents of the topics corresponding to the proposed program.

Basic	Stryer L, Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Bioquímica, Barcelona: Reverté, 2013 Mathews CK, Van Hode KE, Ahern KG, Bioquímica, Madrid: Pearson Educación, 2013 Voet D, Voet JG, Pratt CW, Fundamentos de bioquímica, Madrid: Médica Panamericana, 2007

Complementary