Educational guide
IDENTIFYING DATA 2023_24
Subject ANATOMY II Code 00106006
Study programme
0106 GRADO EN VETERINARIA
Descriptors Credit. Type Year Period
6 Basic Training First Second
Language
Castellano
Prerequisites
Department MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI
Coordinador
FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ , JOSE GABRIEL
E-mail jgfera@unileon.es
cachaa@unileon.es
mferc@unileon.es
smarf@unileon.es
mvvils@unileon.es
lanel@unileon.es
Lecturers
CHAMORRO ÁLVAREZ , CÉSAR ÁNGEL
FERNÁNDEZ ÁLVAREZ , JOSE GABRIEL
FERNÁNDEZ CASO , MAXIMINO
MARTÍNEZ FLÓREZ , SUSANA
VILLAR SUÁREZ , MARÍA VEGA
ANEL LOPEZ , LUIS
Web http://
General description Anatomy II is a core subject that completes Anatomy I course. Its objective is to obtain knowledge about the topographical and comparative anatomy of the reproductive system, nervous system, sense organs and head anatomy of the domestic mammals as well as the avian general anatomy.
Tribunales de Revisión
Tribunal titular
Cargo Departamento Profesor
Presidente MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI ANEL RODRIGUEZ , LUIS
Secretario MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI CARBAJO RUEDA , MARIA TERESA
Vocal MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI ALONSO DIEZ , ANGEL JAVIER
Tribunal suplente
Cargo Departamento Profesor
Presidente MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI GONZALO ORDEN , JOSE MANUEL
Secretario MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI GONZALEZ MONTAÑA , JOSE RAMIRO
Vocal MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI RODRIGUEZ-ALTONAGA MARTINEZ , JOSE ANTONIO

Competencias
Code  
A19614 106P12 Respect and enforce animal welfare in all professional activities related to animal management.
A19674 106S5 Morphology, topography and structure of organs and systems.
A19695 106S9 Ontogenetic development, congenital anomalies and applications of embryology.
B6471 106G1 Analyse, synthesise, solve problems and make decisions in the professional fields of the veterinarian.
B6472 106G2 Work as a team, single or multidisciplinary, and show respect, appreciation and sensitivity to the work of others.
B6476 106G6 Search and manage information related to the veterinarians activity.
B6479 106G9 Demonstrate interest in knowing how to use basic computer tools.
B6481 106G11 Keep the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professional competencies updated through a continuing education process.

Learning aims
Competences
- to analyze ontogenetic development, congenital anomalies, and applications of embryology. - to describe the morphology, topography, and structure of organs and systems. - to interpret embryological and anatomical knowledge for its application in the field of biomedical sciences. - to develop a high level of rigor in handling embryological and anatomical terminology. - to acquire necessary knowledge of topographic anatomy and external projection of organs to address matters of exploratory, medical, and surgical nature. - to recognize anatomical structures, including basic skills in dissection techniques and through diagnostic imaging techniques (endoscopy, radiology, CT, and MRI) A19614
A19674
A19695
 B6471
B6472
B6476
B6479
B6481

Contents
Topic Sub-topic
1,. GENITAL APPARATUS Topic 1.- Embryonic development of the gonads and genital ducts. Development of external genital organs. Mechanics of testicular descent. Congenital malformations. Testicle, epididymis, and testicular coverings.

Topic 2.- Vas deferens. Spermatic cord. Accessory genital glands. Penis: glans and prepuce. Male urethra. Muscles serving the penis and prepuce. Vascularization and innervation of the male genital apparatus.

Topic 3.- Ovary: morphology, structure, position, and relationships. Oviduct. Ovarian bursa. Uterus: morphology, parts, structure, position, and relationships. Means of fixation.

Topic 4.- Vagina, vaginal vestibule, and female external genitalia. Perineum: pelvic diaphragm and tendinous center. Vascularization and innervation of the female genital apparatus.

Topic 5.- Mammary gland: ontogeny. Description of the udder in the cow. Mammary suspensory apparatus. Vascularization and innervation. Mammary glands in other species.

Practice 1.- Male genital apparatus. Female genital apparatus.
Practice in special rooms.
Number of groups: 6.
Practice duration: 1.5 h
Location: Dissection room.
II.- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Topic 6.- Endocrine glands. Adenohypophysis. Epiphysis. Adrenal gland. Thyroid gland. Parathyroid glands. Endocrine pancreas.
III.- ANATOMY OF THE HEAD Topic 7.- Head: development of the skull and face. Congenital malformations. Temporomandibular joint.

Topic 8.- Masticatory muscles. Facial muscles. Innervation and vascularization of the head.

Practice 2.- Skull skeleton: base and vault of the skull. Facial bones.
Practice in Special Rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1.5 h
Location: Dissection Room

Practice 3.- Mandible. Comparative anatomy of the skull skeleton. Radiological anatomy of the head.
Practice in Special Rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1.5 h
Location: Dissection Room

Practice 5.- Dissection of the facial region in the horse and the dog. Dissection of the mandibular and parotid regions in the dog.
Practice in Special Rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1.5 h
Location: Dissection Room
IV.- NERVOUS SYSTEM Topic 9.- General concepts and Embryonic Development of the Nervous System. Congenital malformations.

Topic 10.- Neuroanatomy of the Spinal Cord.

Topic 11.- Neuroanatomy of the Brainstem.

Topic 12.- Neuroanatomy of the Cerebellum.

Topic 13.- Neuroanatomy of the Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, and Corpus Striatum.

Topic 14.- Neuroanatomy of the Hemisphere. Comparative study in domestic animals.

Topic 15.- Neuroanatomy of the Rhinencephalon, Hippocampus, and Limbic System.

Topic 16.- Meninges. Brain ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid. Vascularization of the CNS.

Topic 17.- Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic. Centers and pathways.

Practice 6.- Brain: External morphology of the dorsolateral and ventral aspects. Sagittal section of the brain.
Practice in special rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1.5 h
Location: Dissection room

Practice 7.- Brain: Study of serial sections.
Practice in special rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1.5 h
Location: Dissection room

Practice 8.- Neuroanatomy using diagnostic imaging techniques.
Practice in special rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1.5 h
Location: Dissection room
V.- SENSE ORGANS Topic 18.- Vestibulocochlear organ: External ear, cartilages, and auricular muscles.

Topic 19.- Vestibulocochlear organ: External acoustic meatus. Middle ear. Tympanic cavity. Inner ear. Bony and membranous labyrinth. Vascularization and innervation.

Topic 20.- Eye. Eyeball. Fibrous tunic: Sclera and cornea. Vascular tunic: Choroid, ciliary body, and iris. Inner tunic: Retina. Ocular chambers and lens.

Topic 21.- Accessory organs of the eye. Eye motor muscles. Eyelids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus. Vascularization and innervation of the eye and accessory organs.

Practice 9.- Anatomy of the eye.
Practice in Special Rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1 h
Location: Dissection Room
VI. TOPOGRAPHIC AND APPLIED ANATOMY Practice 10.- Topographic and applied anatomy of the head and neck in the dog.
Practice in Special Rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1 h
Location: Dissection Room

Practice 11.- Topographic and applied anatomy of the thorax, back, and abdomen.
Practice in Special Rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1 h
Location: Dissection Room

Practice 12.- Topographic and applied anatomy of the thoracic and pelvic limb.
Practice in Special Rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1 h
Location: Dissection Room
VII. AVIAN ANATOMY Practice 13.- Dissection of the chicken.
Practice in special rooms
Number of groups: 6
Practice duration: 1.5 h
Location: Dissection room.
VIII. SUPERVISED WORK ON "STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION" Small group work (between 3 and 5 students, typically) will be carried out on topics related to the theoretical syllabus taught in the subjects of Cytology and Histology, Anatomy II, and Physiology II. The objective of this work is to integrate the knowledge from these 3 subjects that constitute the Subject of Structure and Function. Each group work will be supervised by 3 professors, one from each subject.
Students will also create a poster summarizing the information from the work.
This activity will take place throughout the semester. (5 hours)
IX.- DISSECTION OF THE CANINE CADAVER (voluntary) Practice in Special RoomS
- Dissection of the neck and back region.
- Dissection of the trunk and thorax.
- Dissection of the thoracic limb.
- Dissection of the axillary plexus.
- Dissection of the abdomen.
- Dissection of the pelvic limb.
- Dissection of the thoracic cavity.
- Dissection of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Planning
Methodologies  ::  Tests
  Class hours Hours outside the classroom Total hours
Laboratory practicals 20 20 40
 
Personal tuition 6 0 6
Tutorship of group 2 18 20
 
Lecture 22 44 66
 
Mixed tests 3 15 18
 
(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies
Methodologies   ::  
  Description
Laboratory practicals On-site practices in the dissection room, using anatomical materials, animal cadavers, and anatomical specimens.
Personal tuition In-person tutoring sessions. Online tutoring via the institutional Moodle educational platform, where course resources and activities will also be available. Tutoring via email.
Tutorship of group A supervised group work will be conducted with small groups of 3 to 5 students on topics related to the contents of the courses in Cytology and Histology, Anatomy II, and Physiology II, which together constitute the Subject "Structure and Function", aiming to integrate them. Each group workwill be supervised by 3 professors (one from each subject). Students will also create a poster summarizing the information from the project, which will be presented during a conference. This activity will take place throughout the semester.
Lecture Theoretical expositions the classroom, with the assistance of audiovisual methods.

Personalized attention
 
Lecture
Laboratory practicals
Tutorship of group
Personal tuition
Description
In-person tutoring sessions.

Tutoring through the institutional Moodle educational platform, where course resources and activities will also be available.

Tutoring via email.

Assessment
  Description Qualification
Lecture Two partial theoretical exams.
Short-answer questions that include diagrams presented in the theoretical classes, to assess the level of theoretical knowledge of the subject. It is necessary to achieve a minimum of 60% to pass each partial exam. 		30 % y 30 %
Laboratory practicals Two partial practical exams.
Identification questions, knowledge, and understanding of anatomical structures, to assess the level of practical knowledge of the subject. It is necessary to achieve a minimum of 60% to pass each partial exam. 		15 % y 15 %
Tutorship of group Evaluation criteria for the work:
Structure, quality, originality.
Bibliographic sources used.
Correct use of specific terminology.
Clarity and correctness in writing.
The evaluation of the poster is carried out:

- by peers through a Moodle workshop with a rubric
- during Structure and Function Sessions with poster presentations. 		10 %
Others Dissection of dog cadaver +10%
 
Other comments and second call

It is possible to pass this subject through a single final exam, which consists of a theoretical part and a practical part, valued at 70% and 30% of the final grade, respectively. The grade obtained in the theoretical exams will be retained during the same academic year if at least 60% of its value is achieved. The grade for the practical exam will be retained during the same academic year if at least 65% of its value is achieved.

This subject is part of the Structure and Function Subject Area, so to pass it, it is necessary to have passed, with a minimum grade of 5.0, its activities. Students who have achieved the minimum grade will have their grades retained for subsequent academic years.

DIRECTED GROUP WORKS (Structure and Function Subject Area). In their evaluation, computer tools for plagiarism detection are applied, which could result in a penalty proportional to the intensity of the plagiarism. This could lead to not reaching the minimum grade.

The grade for integrated group projects will be 10% for the Anatomy II subject, and the relative value for the other two subjects should be consulted in their respective course guides. During exams or evaluation tests, the use of any electronic or non-electronic device or material that could be used for the transmission or reception of information related to the evaluated subject matter, or that contain data that could be used for plagiarism, copying, or fraud, is prohibited, following the internal guidelines of the University of León in this regard. The detection of these practices will result in a grade of 0.0 in the exam or test where they are detected.

Sources of information
Access to Recommended Bibliography in the Catalog ULE

Basic Köing HE, Liebich HG, Anatomía de los animales domésticos, tomos I y II, México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2005
Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG, Anatomía veterinaria, El Manual Moderno, 2015
Climent y col., Manual de anatomía y embriología de los animales domésticos. Conceptos básicos y datos aplicativos, Zaragoza: Acribia, 2004

Complementary Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E, Anatomy of the domestic birds, Berlín: Paul Parey, 1977
Ghetie V, Atlas de anatomía de las aves domésticas, Zaragoza: Acribia, 1981
Evans HE, Delahunta A, Disección del perro de Miller, México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2004
Noden DM , Embriología de los animales domésticos. Mecanismos de desarrollo y malformaciones , Zaragoza: Acribia , 1990
Fernández Álvarez JG y col. , Guión de prácticas de Anatomía II , Universidad de León , 2006
Aige Gil V, Neuroanatomía y neurología clínica en el perro y el gato, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 2002
Schaller O, Nomenclatura anatómica veterinaria ilustrada, Zaragoza: Acribia, 1996
De Lahunta A, Glass E, Veterinary neuroanatomy and clinical neurology, Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2009


Recommendations


Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before
ANATOMY I / 00106002
PHYSIOLOGY I / 00106003