 |
Educational guide |
| IDENTIFYING DATA |
2023_24 |
| Subject |
PHYSIOLOGY II |
Code |
00106007 |
| Study programme |
| 0106 GRADO EN VETERINARIA |
|
|
|
| Descriptors |
Credit. |
Type |
Year |
Period |
| 6 |
Basic Training |
First |
Second
|
| Language |
|
| Prerequisites |
|
| Department |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS
|
| Coordinador |
|
E-mail |
malmg@unileon.es
jebayd@unileon.es
mjcueg@unileon.es
jlmaug@unileon.es
gmerp@unileon.es
bsanv@unileon.es
ssanc@unileon.es
bestg@unileon.es
afueb@unileon.es
amilg@unileon.es
sroms@unileon.es
|
| Lecturers |
| ALMAR GALIANA , MARÍAMAR | | BAYÓN DARKISTADE , JOSÉ ENRIQUE | | CUEVAS GONZÁLEZ , MARÍA JOSE | | MAURIZ GUTIÉRREZ , JOSE LUIS | | MERINO PELÁEZ , GRACIA | | SAN MIGUEL DE VEGA , BEATRIZ | | SÁNCHEZ CAMPOS , SONIA | | ESTEBANEZ GONZALEZ , BRISAMAR | | FUENTE BARRIENTOS , ALVARO DE LA | | MILLAN GARCIA , ALICIA | | ROMAN SAGšILLO , SARA SELVA DE |
|
| Web |
http:// |
| General description |
|
| Tribunales de Revisión |
| Tribunal titular |
| Cargo |
Departamento |
Profesor |
| Presidente |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
SANCHEZ COLLADO , PILAR |
| Secretario |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
ALVEAR ORDENES , ILDEFONSO |
| Vocal |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
PEREZ PERTEJO , MARIA YOLANDA |
| Tribunal suplente |
| Cargo |
Departamento |
Profesor |
| Presidente |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
DE PAZ FERNANDEZ , JOSE ANTONIO |
| Secretario |
|
GARCIA ESTRADA , CARLOS |
| Vocal |
CIENCIAS BIOMEDICAS |
ORDOÑEZ PASCUA , CESAR |
|
|
| Code |
|
| A19614 |
106P12 Respect and enforce animal welfare in all professional activities related to animal management. |
| A19623 |
106P3 Use basic analytical techniques and interpret their clinical, biological and chemical results. |
| A19663 |
106S4 Structure of the eukaryotic cell and its organization in tissues and organs. |
| A19685 |
106S6 Excitability and cellular communication. |
| A19693 |
106S7 Functioning and regulation of body apparatus and systems. |
| A19694 |
106S8 Homeostasis. |
| B6471 |
106G1 Analyse, synthesise, solve problems and make decisions in the professional fields of the veterinarian. |
| B6474 |
106G4 Communicate the information obtained during the veterinarians professional practice fluently, orally and in writing, with other colleagues, authorities and society in general. |
| B6476 |
106G6 Search and manage information related to the veterinarians activity. |
| B6479 |
106G9 Demonstrate interest in knowing how to use basic computer tools. |
| B6480 |
106G10 Have basic knowledge of a second language, especially in technical aspects related to Veterinary Sciences. |
| B6481 |
106G11 Keep the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professional competencies updated through a continuing education process. |
| C1 |
CMECES1 That students have demonstrated possession and understanding of knowledge in an area of study that is based on general secondary education, and is usually found at a level that, although supported by advanced textbooks, also includes some aspects that involve knowledge from the cutting edge of their field of study |
| C2 |
CMECES2 That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the skills that are usually demonstrated through the development and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study. |
| C3 |
CMECES3 That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (normally within their area of study) to make judgments that include reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature. |
| C4 |
CMECES4 That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to both a specialised and non-specialised audience |
| C5 |
CMECES5 That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy |
|
|
Competences |
| To apply the knowledge of physiology in a professional manner and to possess demonstrable skills through developing and sustaining arguments and solving cases |
|
B6474
|
C2
|
| To acquire the ability to gather and interpret relevant data in order to make judgments including reflection on relevant social, scientific or ethical matters |
|
B6476
|
C3
|
| Developing the ability to transmit information, ideas, problems ,and solutions to both specialist and non-specialist audience |
|
B6471
B6474
B6476
B6481
|
C4
|
| Developing learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy |
|
B6479
B6480
B6481
|
C5
|
| To describe the main components of the nervous system and the direction of the flow of information between them |
A19693
|
|
C1
|
| To explain the ionic basis of resting membrane potential, graduate potentials, spatial and temporal summation, and action potential in the neurons, including the nervous integration process and the role of the axon hillock on it, as well as the transmission of the action potential along the axon and synaptically. |
A19685
|
B6479
|
C1
|
| To describe the major classes of neurotransmitters, explaining their release and actions. |
A19685
|
B6479
|
C1
|
| To describe the functional anatomy of the brain and spinal cord, defining the reflex arc and spinal reflexes, particularly the reverse miotatic reflex, withdrawal reflex, and crossed extensor reflex. |
A19693
|
|
C1
C5
|
| To describe the areas of the brain contributing to the control of movement and its basic functions |
A19623
|
|
C1
C5
|
| To describe the different sleep phases and the transition from sleep to wakefulness, including the different types of learning and memory. |
A19685
|
B6481
|
C1
C5
|
| To describe the function of sensory receptors and to explain how they perform this function, including the sensory transduction mechanism and nerve pathways for each of the sensory organs. |
A19685
|
|
C1
C5
|
| To explain the basic functions of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the concept of double innervation, chemical messengers and the types of receptors associated with the autonomic nervous system |
A19685
A19693
|
|
C1
C5
|
| To describe the functional structure of the skeletal muscle cell and muscle contraction, including the cross-bridge cycle and the sliding filament theory. |
A19663
A19685
|
|
C1
|
| To identify the various factors affecting the strength of the muscle contraction, the three types of skeletal muscle fibers and the main differences among them. |
A19663
A19685
|
|
C1
|
| To describe the main features of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and to compare these muscle types with skeletal muscle |
A19663
A19685
|
|
C1
|
| To perform simulations and evaluation of the function of the transport and signaling systems, action potential and muscle contraction, correctly interpreting the results. |
A19693
|
B6479
|
C1
|
| To describe the links between hypothalamus, adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, pointing out the function of the trophic hormones in the regulation of the release of other hormones and the importance of feedback. |
A19693
|
|
C1
|
| To describe the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone, thyroid hormones, insulin, glucagon, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. |
A19693
|
|
C1
C5
|
| To understand the physiological processes associated with the reproduction |
A19693
|
|
C1
C5
|
| To evaluate, either experimentally of using published data, the signaling process of hormones on the physiology of animal organisms. |
A19614
A19623
|
|
C2
C3
|
| To achieve general and specific knowledge about the mechanisms of control of all bodily functions, and in particular the impact of both nervous system and endocrine system control on the functioning of the organism |
A19693
|
|
C1
C2
C3
|
| To consistently use the knowledge acquired on the control function of the different organs and systems, and the corresponding regulatory mechanisms |
A19693
|
B6481
|
C2
C3
|
| To be able of performing simulations of physiological processes and to correctly interpret the results |
A19693
|
B6479
|
C3
C5
|
| To describe the function of the different components of the nervous system facing functional changes. |
A19693
A19694
|
|
C1
|
| To understand and interpret the operation and regulation of the different functional systems |
A19693
|
|
C1
|
| To show a good competence in numerical calculations related to the physiological processes in animals. |
A19685
A19693
|
|
C3
|
| Topic |
Sub-topic |
| Nervous System |
1. Excitability. Membrane potential. Action potential. Action potential propagation. Compound action potentials. Registration of action potentials.
2. Synapses. Electrical synapse. Chemical synapses. Neurotransmitters.
3. Skeletal muscle. Structure. Molecular mechanisms of contraction. Excitation-contraction coupling. Mechanics of muscle contraction. Neuromuscular transmission. Smooth muscle. Types of smooth muscle. Characteristics of cardiac muscle.
4. Receptor physiology. Mechanoreception, nociception and termorrecepción. Chemoreception. Fonorrecepción. Photoreception.
5. Functions of the spinal cord. Proprioceptors. Information processing in the spinal cord. Spinal reflexes.
6. Brainstem and cerebral cortex. Balance receptors. Brainstem reflexes. Information processing in the cerebral cortex. Somatosensory cortex. Somatotopía. Supplementary motor cortex, bark promoter and primary motor cortex. Motor pathways.
7. Motor control. Basal ganglia: Structure, circuits and alterations. Alterations. Cerebellum: Functional Divisions, circuits and alterations.
8. Hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system. General organization. Thermoregulation. Characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic function. Neurotransmitters. Stress and general adaptation syndrome.
9. Limbic system and higher brain functions. General functions of the amygdala, septum and hippocampus. Reticular formation. Sleep and wakefulness.
LAB 1.- ACTION POTENTIAL
LAB 2.- SKELETAL MUSCLE
LAB 3.- ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
LAB 4.- ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY
LAB 5.- REFLEXES |
| Endocrine System |
10. Hormones. Definition and classification. Mechanisms of hormonal action. Pheromones. Endocrine glands. Pineal gland.
11. Neuroendocrine integration. Hypothalamic hormones pituitary hormones. Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Mechanisms of action. Regulation.
12. Thyroid. Biosynthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. Actions of thyroid hormones. Regulation.
13. Adrenocortical hormones. Mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids. Adrenal androgens. Physiological functions. Regulation.
14. Adrenal medulla. Simpatomedular system. Catecholamines. Hormone actions. Mechanism of action and receptors.
15. Endocrine pancreas. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin: action and regulation of secretion.
16. Endocrine control of metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Bone physiology. Parathyroid hormone. Calcitonin. Vitamin D.
LAB 6.- METABOLIC HORMONES |
| Reproduction |
17. Physiology of male reproductive function. Functions of the reproductive organs. Spermatogenesis. Male sex hormones. Physiological actions. Regulation. Environmental factors in reproduction.
18. Physiology of female reproductive function. Functions of the reproductive organs. Female sex hormones. Ovarian cycles. Ovulation. Ovulation rates. Physiological actions of sex hormones.
19. Physiology of pregnancy. Fertilization. Implementation. Functions of the placenta. Types of placenta. Hormonal factors in pregnancy.
20. Physiology of childbirth and lactation. Hormonal factors and mechanical labor. Placenta. Mammary gland. Functional physiology. Lactogenesis. Maintenance of lactation. Ejection. Milk composition.
LAB 7.- OESTRUS |
| Exercise Physiology |
21. Energetics of exercise. Aerobic system and lipid metabolism. Energy storage in the body. Interaction of the aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Recovery from exercise.
22. Hematologic, cardiovascular and respiratory responses to exercise. Muscle adaptations to exercise and training. Biomechanics of locomotion. Evaluation of exercise tolerance.
LAB 8.- ANIMAL HANDLING |
| |
Description |
| Lecture |
Lectures supplemented with multimedia presentations, internet, and specific software. Students will also have online tutorials and other interactive blended-learning activities through the institutional teaching portal (Moodle) including the resources and activities for the course. |
| Laboratory practicals |
In vivo manipulation of physiological systems. Observation and data collection, getting conclusions after results discussion, and mandatory development of an individual practicals workbook. |
| Assignments |
Preparation, in groups, of a work written as an expansion of selected topics included in the course content. |
| Seminars |
Discussion and classroom debate as an extension of a particular course topic, as assigned by the teacher. |
| Personal tuition |
The student can count on the help of teachers in voluntary tutorials. These tutorials will be held in the teacher's office, upon request by the student via email or the teacher portal. |
| |
Description |
Qualification |
| Lecture |
There will be a partial examination by the middle of the course. This test will be followed by the final examination covering all topics, except those contents already passed by the student in the midterm exam.
Printed materials or electronic devices (phones, calculators) will not be allowed during the examination excepto in case of explicit permission from the teacher. The proved offense will imply the expulsion of the examination session with zero grade. In any case the internal ULE normative will be applicable (document "Pautas de actuación en los supuestos de plagio, copia o fraude en exámenes o pruebas de evaluación", 29-01-2015) |
70 % |
| Laboratory practicals |
Assessment of the practical work of the student, including results and discussion, as shown in his individual laboratory workbook. |
10 % |
| Assignments |
The organization, content, and presentation of written work will be assessed.
Computer-based tools will be used to check for plagiarism, and proportional grading penalties might be applied as a consequence. |
10 % |
| Others |
Assessment of the participation of the student in seminars and online activities included in the learning management system. |
10% |
| |
| Other comments and second call |
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To pass the subject, students must obtain the minimum scores (5.0) IN EACH AND EVERY ONE of the previous sections. · The student who passes any of the theoretical tests will have their grade kept only during the corresponding academic year (June and July sessions). · This subject is part of the Structure and Function Subject, so to pass it it is necessary to have its activities approved, with a minimum grade of 5.0. Students who have reached the minimum value will have their grade retained for subsequent academic years.
DIRECTED GROUP WORK (Subject Structure and Function). In its evaluation, computer tools are applied to detect plagiarism, and a penalty may occur proportional to its intensity. This could result in not reaching the minimum grade. During the evaluation tests, the possession, handling or use of any type of material, means or resource, whether electronic or not (calculators, tablets, mobile phones, computers, watches, etc.), that make copying, plagiarism or fraud. If any irregularity occurs during the evaluation test, the student will fail it. |
| Basic |
|
Books: Bradley G. Klein. Cunningham. Fisiología Veterinaria. Elsevier (6ª edición). 2020 Dukes´Physiology of Domestic Animals. Wiley (13ª edición). 2015 Eckert R, Randall D, Augustine G Fisiología Animal. Mecanismos y adaptaciones. McGraw-Hill Interamericana (2ª edición). 1999 Engelhardt WV, Breves G. Fisiología Veterinaria. Acribia (1ª edición). 2005 García Sacristán. Fisiología Veterinaria. Tebar Florez (1ª edición). 2018 Hill RW, Wyse GA, Anderson M. Fisiología Animal. Médica Panamericana (1ª edición). 2006 Sjaastad OV, Hove K, Sand O. Physiology of Domestic Animals. Scand. Vet. Press (3ª edición). 2016 Enlaces de interés: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301syl.html/index.htm http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes3.htm http://webvision.umh.es/webvision/spanish/indice.html |
| Complementary |
Schmidt Nielsen K, Animal physiology. Adaptation and environment, Cambridge University Press, 1997
Yancey PH, Sherwood L, Klandorf H, , Animal Physiology: from genes to organisms, Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2013
Raff H, Levitzky M, Fisiología Médica. Un enfoque por aparatos y sistemas, McGraw-Hill, 2013
Pérez D, Arenas C, Melián C, Manual de Endocrinología de Pequeños Animales, Multimédica Ediciones Veterinarias, 2018
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia A-S, McNamara JO, Williams SM, Neurociencia, Médica Panamericana, 2015
Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Principios de Neurociencia, McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2001
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