Educational guide

IDENTIFYING DATA

2023_24

Subject

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

Code

00106016

Study programme

0106 GRADO EN VETERINARIA

Descriptors

Credit.

Type

Year

Period

6.5

Basic Training

Second

Language

Castellano

Prerequisites

Department

MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI

Coordinador

PÉREZ GARCÍA , CARLOS CÉSAR

E-mail

ccperg@unileon.es
ajalod@unileon.es
mjcanr@unileon.es
mbgarr@unileon.es
jrgonm@unileon.es
jhrejl@unileon.es
mariog@unileon.es

Lecturers

ALONSO DÍEZ , ÁNGEL JAVIER

CANO RÁBANO , MARÍA JOSÉ

GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ , MARÍA BELEN

GONZÁLEZ MONTAÑA , JOSÉ RAMIRO

PÉREZ GARCÍA , CARLOS CÉSAR

REJAS LÓPEZ , JUAN HIPÓLITO

RÍOS GRANJA , MARÍA ANGELES

Web

http://

General description

Nosology. Imnunopathology. General physiopatology and physiopatology of the different organs and systems

Tribunales de Revisión

Tribunal titular
Cargo	Departamento	Profesor
Presidente	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	GONZALO ORDEN , JOSE MANUEL
Secretario	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	ALVAREZ GARCIA , MARIA MERCEDES
Vocal	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	SERANTES GOMEZ , ALICIA ESTER

Tribunal suplente
Cargo	Departamento	Profesor
Presidente	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	ANEL RODRIGUEZ , LUIS
Secretario	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	RODRIGUEZ-ALTONAGA MARTINEZ , JOSE ANTONIO
Vocal	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	SANCHEZ GARCIA , JESUS

Competencias

Code
A19614	106P12 Respect and enforce animal welfare in all professional activities related to animal management.
A19622	106P2 Collect and send all types of samples with their corresponding report.
A19623	106P3 Use basic analytical techniques and interpret their clinical, biological and chemical results.
A19637	106S16 Nosology.
A19638	106S17 Description and pathogenesis of general alterations in the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs and systems.
B6471	106G1 Analyse, synthesise, solve problems and make decisions in the professional fields of the veterinarian.
B6472	106G2 Work as a team, single or multidisciplinary, and show respect, appreciation and sensitivity to the work of others.
B6473	106G3 Maintain ethical behavior in the exercise of their responsibilities towards the profession and society.
B6476	106G6 Search and manage information related to the veterinarians activity.
B6477	106G7 Apply the scientific method to professional practice including evidence-based medicine.
B6479	106G9 Demonstrate interest in knowing how to use basic computer tools.
B6481	106G11 Keep the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professional competencies updated through a continuing education process.
C2	CMECES2 That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the skills that are usually demonstrated through the development and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study.
C3	CMECES3 That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (normally within their area of study) to make judgments that include reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature.
C5	CMECES5 That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy

Learning aims

	Competences
Understands the concepts and bases on which the disease is structured and divided. Recognizes and appropriately describes the terms used in nosology, understanding their importance.	A19637	B6471 B6476 B6477 B6481	C3
Know, understand and explain the main causes and the most important etiopathogenic mechanisms responsible for functional disorders of organs and systems.	A19614 A19623 A19638	B6471 B6473 B6476 B6477 B6479 B6481	C2 C3
Identifies and describes the main manifestations of the disease and correlates them with the functional alterations of the organs and systems.	A19614 A19622 A19623 A19638	B6471 B6473 B6477 B6479 B6481	C2 C3 C5
Knows the procedures for collecting blood and urine samples and is able to analyse them and interpret the results obtained.	A19614 A19622 A19623 A19638	B6471 B6472 B6473 B6476 B6477 B6479 B6481	C2 C3 C5

Contents

Topic	Sub-topic
I. NOSOLOGY	Topic 1.- Introduction. Concepts of pathology, medicine and clinic. Concepts of general pathology and special pathologies. Topic 2.- Nosology. Nosonomy. Concept of health, illness and disease. Nosography. Topic 3.- Etiology. Internal and external causes of disease. Pathogenesis. Topic 4.- Nosobiotics. Functional pathology versus morphological pathology. Pathophysiology. Semiotics. Pathochrony. Topic 5.- Nosognostics. Nosotaxia. Pathological synonymy and nomenclature. Practice A.- Use of the institutional Moodle educational platform, search for information and completion of questionnaires. Practice through ICT in a computer classroom. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (calculating 100 students/course). Practice B.- Application of nosology to one or more clinical cases. Classroom seminar (case study). 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) calculating 100 students/course.
II. GENERAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY	Topic 6.- Pathophysiology of thermoregulation. Topic 7.- Pathophysiology of the hydrosaline balance. Topic 8.- Pathophysiology of the acid-base balance. Topic 9.- Pathophysiology of nutrition. Obesity and malnutrition. Topic 10.- Pathophysiology of the carbohydrates, lipids and proteins metabolism. Topic 11.- Pathophysiology of mineral turnover. Practice L.- Application of pathophysiology to one or more clinical cases. If there is availability of clinical cases and the practice is scheduled in the morning that coincides with that of the hospital, the first part will be carried out in an examination room or in the hospitalization area of the hospital; In that case it would be a practice comparable to a clinic practice (with a live and sick animal). 1 hour. 1 teacher per group. 12 groups (calculating 100 students/course). Practice M.- Practical application of simulators in General Pathology or practice with a live animal in the examination room. Practice similar to a clinical practice. 1 hour. 1 teacher per group. 12 groups (calculating 100 students/course).
III. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE BLOOD AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM	Topic 12.- Pathophysiological aspects of hypersensitivity reactions. Topic 13.- Pathophysiological aspects of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Topic 14.- Erythrocyte pathophysiology. Topic 15.- Leukocyte pathophysiology. Topic 16.- Pathophysiology of hemostasis. Practice C.- Hematology I. Laboratory practice. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course). Practice D.- Hematology II. Practice through ICT in a computer classroom. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course). Practice E.- Hematology III. Practice through ICT in a computer classroom. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course).
IV. CARDIORESPIRATORY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY	Topic 17.- Variations in the number and rhythm of breathing. Respiratory failure. Topic 18.- Pathophysiology of the main pulmonary syndromes. Topic 19.- Pathophysiology of the pleura and mediastinum. Topic 20.- Pathophysiology of the myocardium: cardiac arrhythmias. Topic 21.- Pathophysiology of the endocardium and pericardium. Topic 22.- Heart failure. Topic 23.- Peripheral circulatory insufficiency. Blood hypertension. Practice F.- Cardiocirculatory I. Practice through ICT in a computer classroom. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course). Practice G.- Cardiocirculatory II. Practice through ICT in a computer classroom. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course).
V. DIGESTIVE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY	Topic 24.- Pathophysiology of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus. Topic 25.- Pathophysiology of the stomach of monogastrics. Topic 26.- Pathophysiology of the stomachs of ruminants. Topic 27.- Intestinal pathophysiology. Pathophysiology of the peritoneum. Topic 28.- Pathophysiology of the liver and bile ducts. Topic 29.- Pathophysiology of the exocrine pancreas. Practice H.- Abdominal enlargement syndrome and jaundice syndrome. Practice through ICT in a computer classroom. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course).
VI. URINARY, ENDOCRINE AND NERVOUS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY	Topic 30.- Pathophysiology of diuresis and urination. Topic 31.- Acute and chronic renal failure. Other renal syndromes. Topic 32.- Pathophysiology of the urinary tract. Topic 33.- Hypothalamic-pituitary pathophysiology. Gonadal pathophysiology. Topic 34.- Pathophysiology of the adrenal glands. Pathophysiology of the thyroid gland. Topic 35.- Pathophysiology of the parathyroids. Pathophysiology of the endocrine pancreas. Topic 36.- Mechanisms of neurological injury. Disorders of consciousness. Seizures. Topic 37.- Ataxias: proprioceptive, cerebellar and vestibular syndromes. Motor neuron disorders. Sensitivity disorders. Topic 38.- Bone, muscle and joint pathophysiology. Practice I.- Nephourology I. Laboratory practice. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course). Practice J.- Nephourology II. Practice through ICT in a computer classroom. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course). Practice K.- Endocrinology. Practice through ICT in a computer classroom. 2 hours. 1 teacher per group. 6 groups (2 modules per group) (calculating 100 students/course).

Planning

Methodologies :: Tests
	Class hours	Hours outside the classroom	Total hours
Lecture	39	68.5	107.5

Practicals using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in computer rooms	16	16	32
Clinical practicums	2	2	4
Case study	2	4	6

Laboratory practicals	4	3	7

Mixed tests	2	4	6

(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies

Methodologies ::

	Description
Lecture	The contents explained in the theoretical program will be presented in the classroom, mainly through visual presentations accompanied by the corresponding explanation.
Practicals using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in computer rooms	Using presentations prepared for execution on a computer, practical issues related to the contents of veterinary pathophysiology will be presented. Generally, each presentation will end with an evaluation of the knowledge and skills obtained.
Clinical practicums	Using canine animals or appropriate simulators, procedures similar to clinical procedures will be carried out (electrocardiogram, blood pressure measurement, blood collection, urine collection...).
Case study	Using clinical cases published in the literature or clinical cases from the hospital, the case will be presented, and a series of questions will be presented on different aspects of veterinary nosology or pathophysiology. Students, in groups, must obtain the necessary information from scientific literature to answer the questions, prepare it, send it to the teacher and, if appropriate, defend it orally.
Laboratory practicals	Students will carry out different laboratory tests on samples obtained from clinical cases.

Personalized attention

Description

Assessment

	Description	Qualification
Practicals using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in computer rooms	At the end of each session, the computer program includes a series of questions and issues, which will be evaluated. Attendance and resolution are mandatory.	These practices, together with the other practices and activities that will be presented in the theoretical classes, will account for 30% of the final grade.
Case study	Clinical cases must be resolved and answered using the institutional Moodle educational platform and, subsequently, if appropriate, they will be defended publicly. Attendance and resolution are mandatory.	These practices, together with the other practices and activities that will be presented in the theoretical classes, will account for 30% of the final grade.
Mixed tests	The exam will consist of two parts. Part A will be an exam of approximately 40 multiple response questions (test), with only one correct answer. Correct answers will score one (+1), wrong answers will subtract half a point (-0.5). The score for this part will be graded from 0 to 10. Part B will be an exam of three or four short development questions (maximum one side of a sheet of paper). Each one will be graded from 0 to 10. This part of the exam will only be graded if at least a 4 has been obtained in the multiple-choice exam. The final score for the exam will be obtained by averaging the multiple-choice exam and the development questions.	This grade will represent 70% of the final grade for the course (maximum grade that can be obtained for this section: 7 points).
Others	Attendance at theoretical classes will be mandatory and will count towards continuous evaluation (checks of attendance and acquired knowledge and understanding will be made). In all activities the student's attitude and disposition will be valued. To qualify for the 30% grade referred to above, attendance at theoretical and practical activities of at least 90% will be required.	In the theoretical classes, activities will be proposed to be solved which, together with the notes from the aforementioned practices, will represent a maximum of 30% of the final grade (maximum grade that can be obtained for this section: 3 points).

Other comments and second call
In the subject, as established by the general standard, continuous evaluation of the theoretical and practical activities with unscheduled controls will be carried out, which will count towards the 30% indicated. The degree of compliance with the continuous evaluation activities will define the percentage of grade that will correspond to it. Those attending 90% or more of the activities will be entitled to the 30% indicated (maximum of 3 points). Attendance at a percentage between 80 and 89.9% will only allow you to obtain a maximum of 2 points. Attendance at a percentage between 70 and 79.9% will only allow you to obtain a maximum of 1 point. Attendance at less than 70% of the activities will not be considered continuous evaluation and will not allow you to obtain any score for this section.

Sources of information

Access to Recommended Bibliography in the Catalog ULE

Basic	Rejas López J, Ruiz de Gopegui Fernández R, Manual de fisiopatología en el perro y el gato, Castellón: Consulta de Difusión Veterinaria, 2021 Pérez Arellano JL (De Castro del Pozo S), Manual de patología general, Barcelona: Masson, 2019

Complementary	Carmena Rodríguez R, Dalmau Ciria M, Foz Sala M, Bases de la medicina interna. Etiología, fisiopatología y semiología, Barcelona: Toray, 1987 Dunlop RH, Malbert CH , Fisiopatología veterinaria , Zaragoza: Acribia , 2007 Porth CM , Fisiopatología: salud-enfermedad: un enfoque conceptual , Buenos Aires: Médica Panamericana , 2006 Laso Guzmán FJ , Introducción a la medicina clínica: fisiopatología y semiología , Barcelona: Elsevier Masson , 2020
	Previous editions of the "Manual de patología general" by Professor José Luis Pérez Arellano (who in some citations and places includes the initiator of the series, Professor Sisinio De Castro del Pozo, as the author, although he died last century) may be acceptable as complementary bibliography. Previous editions of the book "Introducción a la medicina clínica: fisiopatología y semiología" by Professor Francisco Javier Laso Guzmán (2011, 2015) may be acceptable as complementary bibliography.

Recommendations

Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before

PHYSIOLOGY I / 00106003

BIOCHEMISTRY / 00106004

PHYSIOLOGY II / 00106007


Other comments
At the time, instructions for taking the exams are published on the Moodle platform (you cannot wear warm clothing that is not consistent with the weather, items that you can count on, items that are not allowed...).