| I. GENERAL SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
1.- Surgical Pathology and Surgery. Etymological concept. Historical recollection. Concept and current extension. Future of the same. Study plan. Sources. Nomenclature.
2. Mechanical trauma: a) Study of contusions: etiology, symptoms, prognosis and treatment. b) Study of wounds: concept, classification, symptoms, prognosis. Types of wounds. General treatment of wounds.
3. Thermal trauma: a) Burns; b) Frostbite; c) Hypothermia. Injuries caused by chemical agents. Injuries caused by electricity. Concept, aetiology, classification, symptoms, prognosis and treatment.
4. Complications of traumatisms. General complications. Haemorrhage. Shock. Fat embolism. Gas embolism. traumatic emphysema Gangrene. Local complications.
5. Wound healing. Clinical evolution of the wound repair process. Local and general factors that influence the wound repair process.
6. Complications of wound healing. Pathological processes of the scar: hypertrophic scar, keloids, dehiscence, ulcers, fistulas.
7. Surgical infection. Non-specific infections. Local infection. Suppuration. Clinical forms: abscesses, phlegmons and empyemas. General pyogenic infection. Septicaemia. Specific infections of surgical interest.
8. Neoplastic surgical pathology. Surgical classification. Surgical classification. Diagnosis. Biopsy. Treatment: therapeutic options. Combination of radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumours.
II. GENERAL SURGERY
9. Surgical facilities and equipment. Instruments. Sterilisation. Preparation of surgical personnel. Preparation of the surgical patient for the operation, cleaning, depilation, disinfection, preparation of the field. Asepsis and antisepsis (theoretical and practical).
10. The preoperative period. Surgical exploration. Preoperative assessment of the surgical patient. Preoperative and critical patient. Clinical record.
11. Haemostasis. Concept and generalities. Preventive and definitive haemostasis.
12. Fluid therapy. Introduction. Fluid therapy in the surgical patient. Indications and techniques. Fluid therapy control. Complications of fluid therapy. Blood transfusions.
13. Division of tissues. Incisions, punctures, resections, dissection, ligatures, strangulation, pull-outs, etc. Surgical dissection. Injections. Types of injections. Inoculations. Techniques for different species.
14. Sutures. Sutures. Instruments. Materials. Techniques and patterns. Cutaneous-muscular, tendon, nerve, vascular and intestinal sutures. Other types of sutures. Tissue adhesive materials.
15. Drains, cures and bandages. Drains: classification; indications and techniques; complications. Dressings: instruments; materials; types of dressings; complications. Dressings: concept; types; materials; indications and techniques; complications.
16. Postoperative period. General principles: potential complications. Postoperative control. The convalescence period. Parenteral nutrition.
III. ANAESTHESIOLOGY
17. Anaesthesia. Concept of anaesthesia. Historical memory. Reasons for the administration of anaesthesia. Pre-anaesthetic assessment of the patient. Selection of the anaesthetic agent. Routes of administration of anaesthetics: subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular, intraperitoneal and inhalation.
18. Tranquillisation and pre-anaesthesia. Anticholinergic agents. Tranquillisers. Analgesics. Muscle relaxants. Neuroleptoanalgesia.
19.Types of anaesthesia. Local anaesthesia. Drugs used and their properties. Surface anaesthesia. Infiltration anaesthesia. Indications in different species and cases.
20. General anaesthesia. Concept, stages, signs. Types of general anaesthesia. Fixed anaesthetics. Other methods of general anaesthesia.
21. Inhalation anaesthesia. Types and agents used. Equipment for inhalation anaesthesia. Methods and systems of administration. Artificial ventilation.
23. Anaesthesia in equines.
24. Anaesthesia in ruminants.
25. Anaesthesia in dogs and cats.
26. Anaesthesia in other mammals, wild, docile and dangerous animals. Anaesthesia in birds. Anaesthesia in swine. Anaesthesia in amphibians, fish, reptiles and laboratory animals.
IV. SYSTEMIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY.
27. Skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue. Traumatic injuries: contusions, abrasions, wounds. Inflammatory lesions: of the pilosebaceous duct. Sweat glands. Other dermatitis of surgical interest. Circulatory disorders: ischaemia and hyperhaemia. Hot oedema. Elephantiasis. Decubitus ulcers. Hygromas. Tumours. Correction of skin defects. Plasties, flaps and skin grafts. Concept and techniques.
28. Muscular tissue. Congenital anomalies. Traumatic injuries: contusions, wounds, ruptures, hernias and dislocations. Post-traumatic muscular ossifications. Inflammatory conditions: myositis. muscular dystrophies Tumours. Muscular surgery.
29. Tendons and ligaments. Congenital anomalies. Traumatic injuries, contusions, wounds, ruptures, dislocations. Inflammatory tenopathies. Surgical diseases of ligaments and aponeurosis. Tendon and ligament surgery. Tenotomies and tenorrhaphy. Demotomies. Tendon synovium. Anomalies. Traumatic injuries Contusions and injuries. Inflammatory processes of tendon synovium. Synovitis . Puncture of tendon sheaths.
30. Bones. Congenital anomalies. Traumatic injuries: fractures, aetiology. Mechanism of fracture production. Symptoms. Repair. Complications of the fracture repair process.
31. Treatment of fractures. First aid. General techniques. Osteosynthesis techniques.
32. Inflammatory bone diseases. Osteitis and osteomyelitis. Concept. Aetiology and pathogenesis. Clinical-surgical forms. Bone dystrophies. Bone neoplasms. Surgical treatment.
33. Joints. Congenital anomalies. Traumatic injuries: contusions. Injuries: periarticular and penetrating injuries. Inflammatory lesions: arthritis. Arthrosis. Arthrophytes. Ankylosis. Sprains and dislocations. Surgical treatment. Rehabilitation techniques in surgical joint diseases.
34. Veins and arteries. Congenital anomalies. Traumatic injuries: contusions and wounds. Inflammatory conditions: phlebitis and thrombosis. Aneurysms and varicose veins. Neoplasms. Vascular surgical techniques. Arterial and venous anastomoses. Grafts.
35. Lymphatic system. Lymphatic vessels. Traumatic injuries: contusions and wounds. Inflammatory conditions: lymphangitis. Lymphangectasia. Lymph node diseases. Traumatic injuries: contusions and wounds. Inflammatory conditions: adenitis. Lymph node removal. Lymphatic tumours.
36. Nerves. Abnormalities. Traumatic injuries: compression, contusions, distension, dislocation. Injuries: interruption and regeneration. Neuritis. Paralysis. Tumours. Peripheral nervous system surgery. Truncular and fascicular nerve anastomoses. Nerve grafts.
V. RADIOLOGY
37. X-ray production. Image formation. Relationship of exposure factors. Image recording: radioscopy. Radiography. Digital imaging. Diagnostic radiology and therapeutic radiology.
38. Computerised axial tomography. Installations and equipment. Nuclear magnetic resonance. Installations and equipment.
39. Basic concepts in radiobiology. Biological effects of radiation. Radioprotection.
40. Hard tissues: generalities. Bone system. Fractures. Neoplasms. Other injuries.
41. Small animals. Head. Maxilla. Mandible. Larynx. Cervical spine. Thoracic spine. Lumbar spine. Sacrum and tail. Myelography in the dog (cervical, thoracic and lumbar). Thoracic cage.
42. Large animals. Head. Nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Sinuses. Guttural pouches. Maxilla. Mandible. Cervical spine. Thoracic spine. Lumbar spine. Sacrum and tail. Cervical myelography. Thoracic cage.
43. Small animals. Forelimb. Back region. Scapulo-humeral joint. Upper arm. Elbow joint. Forearm. Carpal joint. Hand. Hind limb. Pelvis. Coxofemoral joint. Femur. Knee. Inner part of the pelvic limb. Tarsal joint. Distal part of the pelvic limb.
44. Large animals. Fore limb. Back. Meeting. Humerus. Elbow. Lower forelimb. Carpus. Metacarpus. Phalanges and naviculars. Hind limb. Pelvis. Coxofemoral joint. Femur. Knee. Lower part of the pelvic limb. Tarsus. Metatarsus. Phalanges and naviculars.
45. Soft tissues. Generalities and techniques. Thoracic and abdominal cavity. Respiratory system. Diaphragm. Mediastinum. Heart. Digestive system. Urinary system. Genital system.
46. Special radiological explorations in contrast media: oesophagus; stomach; intestine; uterus; gall bladder. Cholecystography. Pneumoperitoneum. Pyelography. Urography. Retrograde cystography. Urinary bladder.
47. Special radiological explorations with contrast media: (continued): thorax. Bronchography. Representation of the vessels. Angiocardiography. Phlebography. Arteriography.
48. Radiology in birds and other exotic and experimental animal species.
49. Ultrasonography. Diagnosis by ultrasound. Other means of image diagnosis.
VI. PRACTICES
Clinical practical duration: 4 h (x 10 sessions) No. of groups: 6 x 2 Place: Depending on the availability of patients at the Veterinary Hospital, practical on patients or on specimens at the department's facilities will be scheduled. No. of teachers per group: 1 (1 per module). There will be two modules and two teachers per day, who will be in two separate departments in order to avoid the collapse of the facilities. Depending on the availability of space, a greater or, exceptionally, lesser dispersion will be sought.
1. Preparation of the patient for surgery. Assessment of the surgical patient.
2. Sutures.
3. Skin flaps.
4. Clinical case. Dressing and bandages.
5. Clinical case. Anaesthesia.
6. Clinical case. Anaesthesia.
7. Clinical case. General surgery.
8. Clinical case. Postoperative period.
9. Clinical case. Radiology.
10. Clinical case. Radiology.
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Fossum TW, Cirugía en pequeños animales, Barcelona: Elsevier, 2013