Educational guide

IDENTIFYING DATA

2023_24

Subject

MEDICAL PATHOLOGY I

Code

00106030

Study programme

0106 GRADO EN VETERINARIA

Descriptors

Credit.

Type

Year

Period

Compulsory

Fourth

First

Language

Castellano

Prerequisites

Department

MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI

Coordinador

RÍOS GRANJA , MARÍA ANGELES

E-mail

mariog@unileon.es
ajalod@unileon.es
mbgarr@unileon.es
ccperg@unileon.es
jhrejl@unileon.es
matesd@unileon.es
jguig@unileon.es

Lecturers

ALONSO DÍEZ , ÁNGEL JAVIER

GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ , MARÍA BELEN

PÉREZ GARCÍA , CARLOS CÉSAR

REJAS LÓPEZ , JUAN HIPÓLITO

RÍOS GRANJA , MARÍA ANGELES

TESOURO DÍEZ , MIGUEL ÁNGEL

GUIJARRO GONZALEZ-MOYA , JAVIER

Web

http://

General description

Tribunales de Revisión

Tribunal titular
Cargo	Departamento	Profesor
Presidente	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	GONZALO ORDEN , JOSE MANUEL
Secretario	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	GONZALEZ MONTAÑA , JOSE RAMIRO
Vocal	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	CARBAJO RUEDA , MARIA TERESA

Tribunal suplente
Cargo	Departamento	Profesor
Presidente	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	ANEL RODRIGUEZ , LUIS
Secretario	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	TORIO ALVAREZ , RAMIRO
Vocal	MEDICINA,CIRUGIA Y ANAT.VETERI	RODRIGUEZ-ALTONAGA MARTINEZ , JOSE ANTONIO

Competencias

Code
A19611	106P1 Perform the history and clinical examination of the animals.
A19612	106P10 Assess and interpret the productive and health parameters of an animal group, considering the economic and welfare aspects.
A19614	106P12 Respect and enforce animal welfare in all professional activities related to animal management.
A19615	106P13 Minimise the risks of contamination and cross-infection in animal facilities and in the field.
A19622	106P2 Collect and send all types of samples with their corresponding report.
A19624	106P4 Diagnose the most common diseases, through the use of different general and instrumental techniques, including necropsy, respecting current safety measures.
A19625	106P5 Identify, control and eradicate animal diseases, with special attention to notifiable diseases and zoonoses, following, in this case, the corresponding procedures in accordance with current regulations.
A19627	106P7 Carry out medical treatments
A19645	106S23 Clinical examination methods and procedures, complementary diagnostic techniques and their interpretation.
A19646	106S24 Diagnostic imaging and radiobiology.
A19648	106S26 Recognition and diagnosis of different types of lesions and their association with pathological processes.
A19650	106S28 Clinical study of the sick individual and the medical, surgical or hygienic treatments
A19651	106S29 Diagnosis.
A19666	106S42 Technical measures and regulations for the prevention, control and eradication of animal diseases.
B6471	106G1 Analyse, synthesise, solve problems and make decisions in the professional fields of the veterinarian.
B6472	106G2 Work as a team, single or multidisciplinary, and show respect, appreciation and sensitivity to the work of others.
B6473	106G3 Maintain ethical behavior in the exercise of their responsibilities towards the profession and society.
B6474	106G4 Communicate the information obtained during the veterinarians professional practice fluently, orally and in writing, with other colleagues, authorities and society in general.
B6475	106G5 Write and present professional reports correctly, always maintaining the necessary confidentiality.
B6476	106G6 Search and manage information related to the veterinarians activity.
B6477	106G7 Apply the scientific method to professional practice including evidence-based medicine.
B6479	106G9 Demonstrate interest in knowing how to use basic computer tools.
B6481	106G11 Keep the knowledge, skills and attitudes of professional competencies updated through a continuing education process.
C1	CMECES1 That students have demonstrated possession and understanding of knowledge in an area of study that is based on general secondary education, and is usually found at a level that, although supported by advanced textbooks, also includes some aspects that involve knowledge from the cutting edge of their field of study
C2	CMECES2 That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the skills that are usually demonstrated through the development and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study.
C3	CMECES3 That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (normally within their area of study) to make judgments that include reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature.
C4	CMECES4 That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to both a specialised and non-specialised audience
C5	CMECES5 That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy

Learning aims

	Competences
Correctly prepare the clinical history of any case, using the correct scientific terminology.	A19611 A19612 A19614 A19615 A19622 A19627 A19645 A19646 A19650 A19651	B6479 B6481	C1 C2 C3 C4
Recognizes the main clinical problems and is able to list them and correlate them with the diseases that cause them.	A19624 A19648 A19651	B6477 B6481	C1 C2 C3 C4
Lists the main differential diagnoses that are deduced from the clinical problems identified.	A19624 A19625 A19645 A19646 A19648 A19651	B6481	C2 C3 C4
Reasonably choose the complementary exploratory tests necessary to complete the diagnostic plan derived from the data obtained.	A19624 A19625 A19645 A19646 A19648 A19651	B6481	C1 C2 C3 C4
Appropriately interprets clinical information obtained in medical and nutritional diseases.	A19624 A19645 A19646 A19648 A19651	B6471 B6481	C2 C3 C4
Prepares clinical judgments of diseases subsidiary to medical and/or hygienic-dietary treatment.	A19624 A19625 A19627 A19645 A19646 A19648 A19650 A19651 A19666	B6474 B6475 B6481	C2 C3 C4
Appropriately executes the clinical management and care of any case of medical or nutritional illness.	A19625 A19627 A19650	B6471 B6473 B6474 B6475 B6481	C2 C3 C4
Practices hospital and outpatient veterinary clinical activity, including necessary diagnostic services.	A19611 A19624 A19625 A19627 A19645 A19646 A19648 A19651	B6471 B6472 B6473 B6474 B6475 B6476 B6477 B6481
It is capable of carrying out prevention, diagnosis and individual or collective treatment, as well as the fight against animal diseases.	A19624 A19625 A19627 A19645 A19646 A19648 A19650 A19651	B6471 B6472 B6473 B6474 B6475 B6476 B6481	C1 C2 C3 C4
Carry out professional practice, acquiring skills related to teamwork, efficient use of resources and quality management.		B6472 B6475 B6476	C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Know the theoretical contents		B6481	C1 C2 C3 C4
Know how to be up to date on the contents of the subject		B6481	C1 C3

Contents

Topic	Sub-topic
I. INTRODUCTION	Topic 1.- Presentation. Medical pathology concept. Concept of Nutrition Pathology. Current situation and perspectives.
II. MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF THE EYES AND ANNEXES	Topic 2.- Conditions of the ocular annexes. Topic 3.- Conditions of the eyeball.
III. MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF THE SKIN AND ANNEXES	Topic 4.- Pyodermas. Topic 5.- Allergic dermopathies. Autoimmune dermopathies and other dermopathies of immunological origin. Topic 6.- Endocrine and nutritional dermopathies. Seborrhea and other alterations of keratinization. Pigmentation disorders. Topic 7.- Ear conditions. Otitis.
IV. MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF THE BLOOD AND IMMUNE SYSTEM	Topic 8.- Hemorrhagic and hemolytic anemias. Aplastic anemias and other erythrocyte disorders. Topic 9.- Leukocyte disorders. Topic 10.- Hemostasis and coagulation disorders. Topic 11.- Systemic lupus erythematosus.
V. MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM	Topic 12.- Mouth conditions. Conditions of the salivary glands. Conditions of the pharynx. Topic 13.- Conditions of the esophagus. Esophagitis. Esophageal dilations. Esophageal obstructions. Topic 14.- Stomach conditions. Gastritis. Topic 15.- Diseases of the pylorus and pyloric antrum. Gastric neoplasms. Gastric dilation-torsion. Topic 16.- Intestinal conditions. Acute inflammatory bowel diseases. Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Topic 17.- Intestinal obstruction. Constipation. Feline idiopathic megacolon. Anorectal conditions. Topic 18.- Liver diseases. Predominantly hepatocellular diseases. Predominantly cholestatic diseases. Other liver conditions. Topic 19.- Clinical study of Liver Failure. Diagnostic approach of Liver Failure. Management and treatment of liver failure. Topic 20.- Conditions of the peritoneum. Peritonitis. Topic 21.- Conditions of the exocrine pancreas. Pancreatitis. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
VI. MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM	Topic 22.- Clinical study of heart failure. Topic 23.- Clinical study of cardiac arrhythmias. Topic 24.- Endocardial conditions. Topic 25.- Myocardial conditions. Topic 26.- Conditions of the pericardium. Topic 27.- Clinical study of congenital heart diseases. Topic 28.-. Clinical study of shock or peripheral circulatory failure. Topic 29.- Blood vessel conditions.
VII. MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM	Topic 30.- Clinical study of acute renal failure. Topic 31.- Clinical study of chronic renal failure. Topic 32.- Clinical study of glomerular disorders. Topic 33.- Urinary tract infection. Topic 34.- Urolithiasis. Topic 35.- Feline posterior urinary tract disease.
VIII. MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM	Topic 36.- Clinical studies of encephalopathies. Epilepsy. Topic 37.- Conditions of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata and its meninges. Topic 38.- Conditions of the spinal cord and its meninges. Topic 39.- Peripheral nervous system. Conditions of the neurovegetative system. Topic 40.- Behavioral diseases susceptible to medical treatment
IX. MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM	Topic 41.- Hypothalamic-pituitary conditions. Topic 42.- Adrenal disorders. Topic 43.- Thyroid conditions. Topic 44.- Parathyroid conditions. Topic 45.- Conditions of the endocrine pancreas.

Planning

Methodologies :: Tests
	Class hours	Hours outside the classroom	Total hours
Clinical practicums	18	9	27

PBL (Problem Based Learning)	8	20	28
Assignments	9	19	28
Clinical practicums	8	2	10

Lecture	34	51	85

Mixed tests	3	19	22

(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies

Methodologies ::

	Description
Clinical practicums	Practice A. Clinical practices. Clinical cases and demonstration of clinical procedures. Total 27 hours: face-to-face 18 hours/non-face-to-face 9 hours (1.08 ECTS). These practices will be carried out in the internal medicine consultations and hospitalization rooms for small and large animals, as well as in the clinical analysis laboratories of the Veterinary Hospital, with patients treated with clinical processes related to the contents of the subject. Additionally, in these practices, the review and discussion of clinical cases will be carried out, as well as the performance or demonstration of different clinical procedures and complementary diagnostic techniques related to the subject will be scheduled. 8 will be scheduled, a total of eight practical sessions, with a face-to-face duration of 2 hours in 6 of them and 3 hours in two of them. To carry out these practices, the course will be divided into small groups, even smaller than the recognized B-3, proposing to divide the course into 12 modules. For the best development of these practices, it is proposed that they be convened with the greatest possible continuity for each group, that is, that each student carries out the greatest number of practices daily consecutively, proposing that all practical hours are not carried out in more of 2 periods of time for each group. Each of these practical sessions will preferably focus on the conditions of each of the thematic blocks into which the subject is divided: • Practice A-O: eye conditions (2 hours) (Dr. García) • A-P Practice: skin conditions (2 hours) (Dr. Rejas) • Practice A-S: blood conditions (2 hours) (Dr. Cano) • Practice A-D: conditions of the digestive system (3 hours) (Dr. Alonso) • Practice A-C: conditions of the circulatory system (3 hours) (Dr. Ríos) • Practice A-U: conditions of the urinary system (2 hours) (Dr. Pérez) • Practice A-N: conditions of the nervous system (2 hours) (Dr. Rejas) • Practice A-E: conditions of the endocrine system (2 hours) (Dr. García).
PBL (Problem Based Learning)	Practice B. Discussion groups and PBL. Discussion of clinical cases or topics related to the subject program. Total 28 hours: face-to-face 8 hours/non-face-to-face 20 hours (1.20 ECTS) A total of 8 practical sessions will be scheduled, each lasting 1 hour. To carry out these practices, the course will be divided into small groups, proposing to divide the course into at least 6 groups, the groups could even be of size B-3. For the best development of these practices, it is proposed that they be convened after the teaching of the theoretical classes of the corresponding thematic block and in coordination with the C practices. Each of these practical sessions will focus on the conditions of each of the thematic blocks into which the subject is divided: • B-O Practice: eye conditions (1 hour) (Dr. García) • Practice B-P: skin conditions (1 hour) (Dr. Rejas) • B-S Practice: blood conditions (1 hour) (Dr. Cano) • Practice B-D: conditions of the digestive system (1 hour) (Dr.Alonso) • Practice B-C: conditions of the circulatory system (1 hour) (Dr. Ríos) • B-U Practice: conditions of the urinary system (1 hour) (Dr. Pérez) • B-W Practice: nervous system conditions (1 hour) (Dr. Rejas) • Practice B-E: conditions of the endocrine system (1 hour) (Dr. García).
Assignments	Practice C. Tutorials and directed autonomous work. Each student will participate in carrying out different tasks: care and monitoring of real clinical cases, reviews of medical records, bibliographic reviews, participation in mobile clinics, participation in clinical activities of the ULe farm, or other clinical aspects related to any of the the parts of the subject program. Total 28 hours: face-to-face 9 hours/non-face-to-face 19 hours (1.20 ECTS) A total of 9 practical hours will be scheduled with the following thematic distribution preferably: • C-P Practice: skin conditions (2 hours) (Dr. Rejas) • Practice C-D: conditions of the digestive system (2 hours) (Dr. Tesouro) • C-C Practice: conditions of the circulatory system (1 hour) (Dr. Ríos) • C-U Practice: conditions of the urinary system (1 hour) (Dr. Pérez) • C-N Practice: nervous system conditions (3 hours) (Dr. Rejas) As for practices B, to carry out these practices the course will be divided into small groups, proposing to divide the course into at least 6 groups, the groups could even be of size B-3. For the best development of these practices, it is proposed that they be convened after the teaching of the theoretical classes of the corresponding thematic block and in coordination with the B practices. That is, that the C practices be called on the same day and after the B practices. corresponding to the same devices, granting a maximum total duration of practices of 3 hours for the same group.
Clinical practicums	Practice D. Outpatient Clinic Practices. Attention to clinical cases and demonstration of clinical procedures on livestock farms. Total 10 hours: face-to-face 8 hours/non-face-to-face 2 hours (0.24 ECTS) These practices will be carried out on livestock farms attended by veterinarians collaborating with the Faculty for this purpose. These practices will be organized by the Center in coordination with the subjects involved in each course. These are integrated clinical practices carried out in full days, in which 8 face-to-face hours are considered for practical teaching of the subject Medical Pathology I. Students will participate in patient care and performing clinical procedures. The teacher responsible (Dr. Miguel A. Tesouro) for the subject will supervise the completion of these practices, who will receive from the student a brief report of the activities carried out.
Lecture	Theoretical Classes: Master classes, through presentation and/or oral explanation by the teacher on the program topics, supported by presentations or other audiovisual materials. For each of the topics, teachers will prepare or propose a base text, as well as possible recommended readings. In each class one of the topics of the subject will be explained, although in some of them several may be addressed at the same time, providing an overview of the thematic block or several related topics. The sequential order of the topics may be altered in their delivery, always maintaining a thematic block unit, with a view to better coordination with practical classes. Teachers who would participate in the theoretical classes: Dr. D. Miguel A. Tesouro Díez (7 hours) (Block 1 and 5) Dr. D. Angel Javier Alonso Diez (4 hours) (Block 5) Dr. María Belén García Rodríguez (7 hours) (Block 2 and 9) Dr. D. Juan Hipólito Rejas López (2 hours) (Block 3 and 8) Dr. María Ángeles Ríos Granja (7 hours) (Block 6) Dr. Ms. María Cano Rábano (4 hours) (Block 4) Dr. D. Carlos César Pérez García (3 hours) (Block 7).

Personalized attention

Lecture

Clinical practicums

PBL (Problem Based Learning)

Assignments

Mixed tests

Description

Specialized in-person tutorials, by email and online through the institutional Moodle educational platform, where the resources and activities of the course will also be contained. Student support in teaching and non-teaching content.
Personal tutorials, or in small groups, to clarify doubts about the topics covered in the theoretical and practical classes, as well as for advice on assignments.
Personal tutorials, or in small groups, preparatory to the exams.
Exam review tutorials.

Assessment

	Description	Qualification
Clinical practicums	Assistance and participation. Work done. Learning outcomes.	15 %
PBL (Problem Based Learning)	Assistance and participation. Work done. Learning outcomes.	7,5 %
Assignments	Assistance and participation. Work done. Learning outcomes.	7,5 %
Mixed tests	Exams that will consist of 2 parts: A part of multiple choice questions (between 30-45 questions); Another part of short questions and clinical assumptions (between 10-20 questions) with limited space to answer.	70 %
Others	Students who have not achieved a sufficient level of attendance will take a practical test, in which the skills related to said practices will be assessed, which the students must have achieved after taking the subject. This test will be valued from 0-30 points.

Other comments and second call
EVALUATION PROCEDURES AND CORRECTION CRITERIA 1. ASSISTANCE AND PARTICIPATION IN PRACTICAL TEACHING Attendance will be valued from 0-15 points, being necessary to have attended at least 80% of the scheduled practices to be able to pass the subject (which corresponds to a minimum of 12 points). The participation, interest and generic, specific knowledge and professional skills (know-how) achieved by the student in the internship, as well as the clinical histories prepared, the work developed, the problems solved, etc., will be valued from 0-15 points. , provided that the minimum of 12 points in attendance has been reached, so the total score in this section will be 0-30 points. Students who have not achieved a sufficient level of attendance will take a practical test, in which the skills related to these practices that the students must have achieved after taking the subject will be assessed. This test will be valued from 0-30 points. 2. PARTIAL EXAMS If the development and coordination of the course allows it, the possibility of carrying out partial exams in relation to some thematic blocks is contemplated, to assess the knowledge acquired (specific knowledge and professional competences) and the written presentation of the same (generic competence). In principle, it is proposed to take at least one partial exam in the middle of the first semester. The midterm exams will consist of the same parts that are indicated for the final exams (multi-choice questions and short questions and clinical assumptions), although their length and number of questions will be proportional, depending on the subject evaluated. 3. FINAL EXAMS - Ordinary Call: the entire subject or parts not released. - Recovery Call: the entire subject or parts not released. The knowledge acquired (specific knowledge and professional skills) and the written presentation of the same (generic skills) will be valued. The final exams will consist of 2 parts: - A part of multiple choice questions (between 30-45 questions) - Another part of short questions and clinical assumptions (between 10-20 questions) with limited space to answer. ASSESSMENT AND GRADING OF THE FINAL EXAM Qualification of the test part of the test: - Each question answered well 1 point. - The maximum score of the test will correspond to the total number of questions. - A score equivalent to or greater than 60% of the maximum score: pass. - A score between 50% -59% of the maximum score: compensable. - A score below 50% of the maximum score: not suitable. Qualification of the short questions and clinical cases part of the exam: - Each short question will be valued from 0-5 points and each clinical case from 0-10 points. - The maximum score will correspond to: (number of questions x 5) + (number of clinical cases x10) - A score equivalent to or greater than 50% of the maximum score: pass. - A score between 40%-49% of the maximum score: compensable. - A score below 40% of the maximum score: not suitable. Final grade of the final exam: Average grade of the two parts, each expressed out of 10. - Fail: when the average grade of the two parts is below 4.4 or when in one of the two parts a grade of “not suitable” has been obtained. - Conditional eligibility: when the average grade of the two parts is between 4.5 and 4.9. It may be compensated with the grades obtained in other evaluated teaching activities. - Pass: when the average grade of both parts is equal to or greater than 5. You will be released for the recovery call in the event of not achieving a passing grade in the subject. FINAL GRADE OF THE SUBJECT - Attendance and participation in practical teaching (30%): A (0-30). - Final exam grade (70%): T (0-10). These partial exams will be voluntary and an evaluation qualified as suitable may be subject to subject release with a view to the final exam for a single call (Ordinary or Recovery). In which case these grades will be taken into account in their corresponding proportion for the student's final grade. FINAL GRADE = (A/10) + (T x 0.7) Between 0 - 4.9: SUSPENSE (SS) Between 5 – 6.9: PASS (AP) Between 7 – 8.9: NOTABLE (NT) Between 9 – 10: OUTSTANDING (SB) Honors: may be awarded to students who have obtained a grade equal to or greater than 9. Their number may not exceed 5% of the students enrolled in the subject (maximum 1 honors for every 20 students enrolled). In the event of having passed the theoretical exam (passable) and not achieving a passing grade in the subject, a practical test must be taken, in which the skills related to the practices will be assessed, in the next call. With a view to taking the written exams, students will be provided exclusively with an identification card (ULe, DNI) and the stationery necessary to take it (pencil, pen, eraser), and any other material is prohibited, as well as such as keeping notes. In cases of plagiarism, copying or fraud in exams or evaluation tests, the action guidelines recommended by the ULe Governing Council for these cases will be followed.

Sources of information

Access to Recommended Bibliography in the Catalog ULE

Basic	Birchard SJ, Sherding RG, Clinical manual of small species. Vol 1 and 2, Madrid: McGraw- Hill Interamericana, 2007 Rose JR, Hodgson DR, Equine Clinical Manual, Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana , 1995 Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC , Veterinary internal medicine treatise. Dog and cat diseases, Madrid: Elsevier, 2007 Fidalgo Álvarez LE, Rejas López J, Ruiz de Gopegui Fernández R, Ramos Antón JJ, Veterinary medical pathology, León: Unversidad de León; Santiago de Compostela: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Zaragoza: U, 2003 Radostits OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchcliff KW, Veterinary Medicine, Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2002

Complementary	Rebhun WC y Guard CH, Diseases of dairy cattle, Zaragoza: Acribia , 1999 Chandler EA, Gaskell CJ, Gaskell RM, Feline medicine and therapy, Zaragoza: Acribia, 2007 Martin WB, Aitken ID, Sheep diseases, Zaragoza: Acribia, 2002 Rosenberger G, Bovine diseases, Buenos Aires: Hemisferio Sur, 1988 Chandler EA, Sutton JB, Thompson DJ, Canine medicine and therapy, Zaragoza: Acribia , 1986 Orsini JA, Divers TJ, Emergency manual in the equine clinic, Madrid: Harcourt, 2000 Colahan PT, Mayhew IG, Merritt AM, Moore JN, Equine medicine and surgery, Buenos Aires: Intermédica, 1998 Matthews J, Goat diseases, Zaragoza: Acribia , 2002 Luis V, Swift S, Manual of cardiorespiratory medicine and surgery in small animals, Barcelona: Ediciones S, 2000 Locke PH y col., Manual of dermatology in small animals, Barcelona: Ediciones S, 1999 King L, Hammond R, Manual of emergencies and intensive care in small animals, Barcelona: Ediciones S , 2001 Thomas D, Simpson JW, May J, Manual of gastroenterology in small animals, Barcelona: Ediciones S , 2001 Petersen-Jones SM, Crispin SM, Manual of ophthalmology in small animals, Barcelona: Ediciones S , 1999 Dunne HW, Pig diseases, México: UTEHA, 1981 Morgan RV, Bright R, Swartout M, Small animal clinic, Madrid: Harcourt Elservier , 2004 Nelson RW, Couto CG, Small animal internal medicine, Madrid: Elservier, 2006 Nelson RW, Couto CG , Small animal internal medicine , St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby-Elservier, 2009 Aiello SE y Mays A, The Merck Veterinary Manual, Barcelona: Oceano Grupo Editorial SA, 2000

Recommendations

Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before

GENERAL PATHOLOGY / 00106016

VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY / 00106019

CLINICAL PROPEDEUTICS / 00106022

SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RADIOLOGY / 00106024