Educational guide
IDENTIFYING DATA 2023_24
Subject Tunnels and underground works Code 00808029
Study programme
0808 - GRADO EN INGENIERIA MINERA
Descriptors Credit. Type Year Period
4.5 Compulsory Third Second
Language
Castellano
Prerequisites
Department TECN.MINERA,TOPOGRAF. Y ESTRUC
Coordinador
GOMEZ MARIN , NATALIA
E-mail ngomm@unileon.es
vcond@unileon.es
Lecturers
CONTRERAS DEL CASTILLO, VICTOR ANGEL
GOMEZ MARIN , NATALIA
Web http://https://www.unileon.es/estudiantes/oferta-academica/grados/grado-en-ingenieria-minera/plan-estudios?id=0808029&cursoa=2022
General description This subject describes a technical and practical review of the construction of tunnels and underground works. It includes the definition of the tunnel project, the studies needed before the construction of a tunnel and the ground classification according to its excavability. It includes the theoretical and practical definition of the tunnel excavation systems through the following methodologies: a) drilling and blasting, b) mechanical methods and c) and through integral machines such as tunnel boring machine (moles) and tunneling shields. It includes the definition of the different procedures in the tunnels construction and the evaluation of the supports needed for them. Finally, the description of ventilation needed during the execution of the tunnels and during the operation described through practical and theoretical knowledge.
Tribunales de Revisión
Tribunal titular
Cargo Departamento Profesor
Presidente BERNARDO SANCHEZ , ANTONIO
Secretario TECN.MINERA,TOPOGRAF. Y ESTRUC CASTAÑON GARCIA , ANA MARIA
Vocal TECN.MINERA,TOPOGRAF. Y ESTRUC ORTIZ MARQUES , ALMUDENA
Tribunal suplente
Cargo Departamento Profesor
Presidente TECN.MINERA,TOPOGRAF. Y ESTRUC RODRIGUEZ PEREZ , JOSE RAMON
Secretario TECN.MINERA,TOPOGRAF. Y ESTRUC SANZ ABLANEDO , ENOC
Vocal TECN.MINERA,TOPOGRAF. Y ESTRUC ALVAREZ DE PRADO , LAURA

Competencias
Code  
A16735
A16738
A16739
A16741
A16742
A16743
A16744
A16748
A16759
A16761
A16763
A16764
A16765
A16766
A16767
A16768
A16769
A16770
A16771
A16773
A16774
B5150
B5152
B5153
B5155
B5156
B5157
B5158
B5159
B5167
B5168
B5169
B5170
B5171
B5172
B5180
B5181
B5184
C2 CMECES2 That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and possess the skills that are usually demonstrated through the development and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study.
C3 CMECES3 That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (normally within their area of study) to make judgments that include reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature.
C4 CMECES4 That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to both a specialised and non-specialised audience
C5 CMECES5 That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy

Learning aims
Competences
A16735
A16738
A16761
A16765
A16767
A16769
 B5152
B5153
B5156
B5169
B5170
 C4
A16735
A16739
A16741
A16742
A16748
A16763
A16764
A16765
A16766
A16767
A16768
A16769
A16770
A16771
A16773
A16774
 B5150
B5152
B5155
B5157
B5158
B5159
B5167
B5168
B5169
B5170
B5171
B5172
B5180
B5181
B5184
 C2
C4
C5
A16742
A16743
A16744
A16759
A16773
A16774
 B5152
B5168
B5170
 C3

Contents
Topic Sub-topic
BLOCK 1 Topic 1.1. Introduction. Tunnelling projects.
Topic 1.2. The need for the construction of a tunnel
Topic 1.3. Principal elements for consideration: ground plan, typical section, rock mass, excavation system, propping components.
Topic 1.4. Work prior to excavation: prospecting and trial boreholes, laboratory tests.
Topic 1.5. Geo-mechanical characterization of the rock mass: essential parameters. The commonest classification systems; Barton’s “Q”, Bieniawski’s “RMR” and other rating systems. Propping and support techniques associated with these classifications.
BLOCK 2 Topic 2.1. Excavation by drilling and explosion: machinery used. Electro-hydraulic jumbo drill rigs. Drilling components. Explosives and accessories. Explosions in tunnels and galleries. Explosions in other excavations.
Topic 2.2. Mechanical excavation. Cutting machines: types, cutting elements, picks. Criteria for selecting machines.
Topic 2.3. Integrated machinery. Tunnelling machines: open boring machine (mole), shield, double (cutter-gripper) shield. Criteria for choosing tunnelling machines.
Topic 2.4. Other machines for excavating and clearing tunnels.
Topic 2.5. Other underground works: shafts, underground hydro-electric stations, large artificial caverns, micro-tunnels (utility shafts).
Practical 2.1. Visit to a tunnel under construction.
Practical 2.2. Solving a problem of choice of an excavation system on the basis of various parameters: rock characteristics, length of the excavation, technical and financial variables, and other considerations.
Practical 2.3. Solving a problem of the arrangements for an explosion in a tunnel.
BLOCK 3 Topic 3.1. Design of supports or propping. Common methods and processes.
Topic 3.2. Bolts: the concept of bolt cladding. Varieties of bolts. Choice of the most suitable type. Parameters for bolts and cladding: length, density, orientation.
Topic 3.3. Sprayed concrete (shotcrete). The concept of sprayed concrete. Dry mix and wet mix. Materials composing sprayed concrete. Machinery for application.
Topic 3.4. Metal supports: rigid and sliding ribs.
Topic 3.5. Land treatments.
Topic 3.6. Lining and waterproofing: the need for lining or cladding. Concrete linings. Shaped stone cladding. Waterproofing.


Practical Programme
Practical 3.1. Solving a problem of designing supports for a tunnel on the basis of the geo-mechanical classifications explained in Block 1.
Practical 3.2. Visit to a tunnel or other underground excavation requiring substantial propping or supports.
BLOCK 4 Topic 4.1. Installations needed in the construction of a tunnel: Electrical, drainage installations. Other installations.
Topic 4.2. Quality control and instrumentation: quality control of propping components. Instrumentation; aims, choice of instruments. Checking on surface and interior movements.
Topic 4.3. Safety in the construction of tunnels: personal and collective protection equipment. Safety measures during excavation. Safety measures for propping. Safety measures for the transport and placing of explosives.
Topic 4.4. Main environmental features of construction: visual impact, noise and air quality, side-effects on nearby watercourses, disposal of harmful wastes.

Practical Programme
Practical 4.1. Solving problems to calculate requirements for ventilating a tunnel and the fans needed.
BLOCK 5 5.1 Installation of ventilation. Fundamentals
5.2 Ventilation elements.
5.3 Ventilation in progress.
5.4 Ventilation in use.
Practical program:
Running Ventilation Problems
Fan Selection Issues
Ventilation problems in use
BLOCK 6 · Visit to a tunnel dug by a mole or double shield.
· Visit to a tunnel dug by an earth pressure balance (EPB) tunnel boring machine.
· Visit to a tunnel dug by drilling and explosions.
· Familiarization with equipment for checking (auscultation) and atmosphere control in underground works.
*It depends on availability

Planning
Methodologies  ::  Tests
  Class hours Hours outside the classroom Total hours
Problem solving, classroom exercises 9 9 18
 
Seminars 3 3 6
Assignments 0 9.5 9.5
 
Lecture 33 43 76
 
Extended-answer tests 0 3 3
 
(*)The information in the planning table is for guidance only and does not take into account the heterogeneity of the students.

Methodologies
Methodologies   ::  
  Description
Problem solving, classroom exercises Problem solving/exercises: The teacher proposes exercises from the topics seen in class to be solved.
Seminars Seminars: seminars on specific topics of the subject will be included. Visits to installations will also be made.
Assignments Assignments: work from the seminars will be presented.
Lecture Lecture: the professor will teach the contents of the subject.

Personalized attention
 
Lecture
Problem solving, classroom exercises
Seminars
Description
The student can count on individual tutorials, which are not compulsory. They will take place in the teacher's office by prior appointment, at the student's request via e-mail.

Assessment
  Description Qualification
Lecture The presentation and active participation in the activities proposed by the teacher will be valued. 10 %
Assignments An evaluation will be made of the work handed in related to the subjects taught in the course. 10%
Extended-answer tests Two written mid-term exams, which will count for 80% of the final grade. 80 %
 
Other comments and second call

The proposed evaluation system is as follows:

The three parts indicated above must be passed independently, reaching in each of them 50% of the maximum grade in order to pass the course.

Second sitting

In order to pass the subject in the second exam, a theoretical and practical exam will be carried out, which will include the material seen during the course, including the practicals and the work proposed by the teacher.

The grading system will be in accordance with R.D. 1125/2003.

Sources of information
Access to Recommended Bibliography in the Catalog ULE

Basic López Jimeno, Carlos., Manual de Túneles y Obras Subterráneas., Gráficas Arias Montano, 2011

Complementary Juan Manuel López Marinas , Geología aplicada a la ingeniería civil, Dossat , 2007
González de Vallejo, L., Ferrer, M., Ortuño, L. y Oteo, C., Ingeniería Geológica, Ed. Prentice Hall, 2002
Carlos López Jimeno, et al. , IngeoTúneles Vol. 1-16, UPM ETSI Minas , 2009


Recommendations


Subjects that it is recommended to have taken before
EXPLOTATIONS OF MINES I / 00808021
EXPLOSIVES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. / 00808022
ROCK MECHANICS / 00808026